1. Answers on a separate sheet:
Wednesday
What kind of molecule is water?
Draw a water molecule (include the elements and charges).
List 2 properties of water with an example.

2. Organic Molecules

3. Organic Molecules Contain carbon (usually bonded to another carbon)
Small organic molecules (monomers) join together to form large organic molecules (polymers)
There are 4 classes of organic polymers (macromolecules): carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids

4. Polymers are created by dehydration synthesis (the removal of water) Polymers are broken down by hydrolysis (the addition of water)

5. Carbohydrates

6. Carbohydrates Molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Store large amounts of energy that can be used quickly
Simple Carbohydrates (sugars)
Monosaccharides are made of only one sugar monomer (ex. Glucose)
Disaccharides are made of two sugar monomers (ex. Sucrose)

7. Carbohydrates Complex Carbohydrates (polysaccharides)
Starch - used as energy storage in plants
Glycogen - used as energy storage in animals

9. Carbohydrates
Cellulose (a.k.a. fiber) – structural molecule in plants; cannot be digested by animals
Chitin - structural molecule in fungi and arthropods

10. Proteins

11. Proteins composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
are made of long chains of amino acids held together by peptide bonds

12. Proteins Structural Proteins collagen (found in cartilage & tendons)
keratin (found in hair & nails)
actin & myosin (found in muscles)

13. Proteins Functional Proteins
hemoglobin (carries oxygen in red blood cells)
antibodies(fight foreign invaders in the immune system)
enzymes (biological catalysts)

14. Enzymes speed up reactions by reducing activation energy (EA)
are VERY specific
are NOT used up during a reaction
their shape determines their function

15. Enzymes 2 3 How Enzymes Work
enzymes have a pocket on their surface called an active site
the molecule(s) that fits into the active site is/are called the substrate(s)
the reaction takes place at the active site
the products of the reaction are released 1 4

16. Right Now
Turn in Enzyme Lab
Take out review/warm up answer sheet

17. Answer on your paper: Thursday
List the 4 elements that make up 96% of living things.
What are small organic subunits called? Large ones?
Why do we eat carbohydrates? Give an example of a monosaccharide and a polysaccharide.
List 2 proteins and their function.

18. What Affects Enzyme Activity? p.7
Temperature
decrease in temp. will decrease reaction rate
enzyme will lose shape (denature) after being exposed to extremely high heat pH
extreme pH can decrease reaction rate or denature the enzyme
Concentration
increased substrate or enzyme concentration will increase reaction rate

19. Acids & Bases
p. 2

20. The water molecule separates into two different ions: H2O  H+ + OH- (H+)hydrogen ions and (OH-) hydroxide ions

21. the pH scale measures the amount of H+ Acids (pH 0 – 6.9) Taste sour
Strong acid
the pH scale measures the amount of H+
Acids (pH 0 – 6.9)
Taste sour
Feel like water
Bases (pH 7.1 – 14)
Taste bitter
Feel slippery
Strong base

22. Right Now
Turn in Buffer Lab
Vocabulary QUIZ

23. Lipids
p. 8

24. Lipids Are insoluble in water
Contain many C-H bonds and very little oxygen
Examples:
Steroids
Cholesterol,
chlorophyll, sex hormones

25. Lipids Phospholipids Make up cell membranes Fats
Composed of a glycerol and 3 fatty acid chains
Function in energy storage, insulation, and cushioning

26. 2 Types of Fats Saturated fats Are solids at room temperature
Ex. butter, lard
Unsaturated fats
Are liquids at room temperature
Ex. oils

27. Answer on same sheet: Monday
If something has a pH of 2 is it an acid or base? Would it be strong or weak?
What is the name of the substance that fits into the active site of an enzyme?

28. Nucleic Acids
p.9

29. Nucleic Acids Store information in the form of a code
Are composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus
Made of long chains of nucleotides
Examples:
DNA – contains instructions
RNA – synthesizes proteins

30. Answers on separate sheet:
Tuesday
What is the mass number if an atom has 6 protons and 6 neutrons?
What charge would a sodium atom have with 11 protons and 10 electrons?
What is the solvent in an aqueous solution?