1. 2nd Wave Imperialism

2. Definition of Imperialism - The practice of one country extending its control over the territory, political system, or economic life of another country.

3. Industrial revolution Need for raw materials Desire for markets
New technology
New medicines
Causes of 2nd wave

4. 2nd wave causes Nationalism Symbol of “great power”
Pride in controlling every remote piece of land
Politically popular
Superiority complex
Social Darwinism
2nd wave causes

5. The Scramble for Africa
The focus of most of Europe’s imperialist activities in the 19th century was Africa. A Or
Guns germs and steel

6. The Scramble for Africa
Until 1880’s only the coastlines of Africa had been colonized or explored
Gold, ivory and slaves had been taken from these colonies
The slave trade ended in the in the 1800’s but European powers now had control of most of the African coast
The Scramble for Africa

7. Internal Reasons for Imperialism
African nations lacked unity
No common language
Lack of common culture
Wars between different groups
Lack of technology
Guns germs steel

8. Rules for the Colonization of Africa
In 1884 European powers trying to colonize Africa were coming into conflict.
To avoid further conflict 14 European powers set up rules for colonizing Africa.
No members of the African community were present.
The Berlin Conference

9. Results of the Conference
In 1850 most of Africa had been free.
By 1914 only Liberia and Ethiopia were free of European control.

10. Europe goes after Middle East
Ottoman Empire has difficulty adapting to the modern world
Bad leadership and military refusal to modernize
Greece and Serbia able to break away
The rest of Europe smells blood in the water

12. The British in India
Up to the 1600’s India subcontinent was ruled over by many different groups simultaneously.
The most powerful of the groups were the Mughals.

13. The British Arrive
East India Co. – Wanted to monopolize the spice trade out of India.
E.I.C. negotiate with Mughals for trade ports and build factories out of Bengal in exchange for naval support from Britain.

14. 1760 – 1790
Constant wars in India
British decide only way to stop wars is to take control
British control India by 1818
Sepoy Mutiny –Indian Revolt of

15. Why India Plantation products Indigo – dye for cloth
Coffee – south America not a big producer yet
Cotton – increased production during US civil war
Opium – traded this highly addictive drug to china for tea which was England’s favorite drink

16. China Opium Wars – mankind
Boxer Rebellion –
Forbidden City Ep 2 start if time
24:52 forbidden city ep 2 - if real short on time

17. China – Opium Wars
The Industrial Age turns Britain into what? ______________________________
What nation does Britain challenge? _____________________________
True or False. China embraces global trade with other countries.
What is the most lucrative commodity on the planet? _____________________ __________________ million Chinese are addicted. __________________ times more than the number of heroin addicts in the U.S. today. Draining China’s
__________________ reserves and tearing the country apart.
What ironic thing does the Chinese emperor do? _________________________
True or False. James Innes was an opium drug trafficker for Britain who refused to stop trading drugs in China and helps start a war.
True or False. Britain has 26 times the manpower of China, but China has ten times the firepower Britain.
True or False. Britain loses the war and stops selling opium to China.

18. Order of the Harmonious Fists … Anti-Christian and Anti-foreign
Boxer Rebellion – 1900 – 36:28 forbidden city ep 2 - if real short on time
Order of the Harmonious Fists …
aka - Fists of Heaven…. Aka - “the Boxers”
Anti-Christian and Anti-foreign
Caused by the humiliating military defeats to western powers and Japan (angered the commoners)
Commoners Blamed natural disasters on the Qing Dynasty (mandate of heaven)
Qing Empress Dowager Cixi sides with Boxers
Multi national force stops rebellion and frees hostages
China must pay $330 million in reparations ($8.5 Billion today)
Qing will essentially loose much of its power to the west

19. Impacts of Imperialism China
China – falls under European sphere of influence. Weakened Emperor
Henry Puyi – 1911 ends reign
Forced industrialization
Artisans loose income
Western education spreads
China will be caught up in civil war until 1949

20. Begins 1868 Japan’s move to modernism
Meiji Restoration
Begins 1868
Japan’s move to modernism

21. Commodore Matthew Perry
1853: Opens Japanese ports to Western trade

22. Not this Matthew Perry!!

23. Commodore Matthew Perry

24. Japanese Depiction

25. Meiji Restoration:

26. Chapter 28 Sec 2 Wkst

27. Japanese Imperialism Throughout Asia Korea (1910)
China (Manchuria-1931)
Southeast Asia during WWII
Japans plan was to create the
1940: Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere which encouraged Asian nations to resist western imperialists in order to contribute to the industrial needs of the Japanese war machine.

28. Impacts - India Deepening religious divide in India
Western education spreads
Artisan economies lost
Plantation farming replaces subsistence farming

29. Impacts of Imperialism - Africa
Traditional societies change
Communities to cities
Communities to tribes
Changing religion
Women’ role changes

30. Impacts of Imperialism - Africa
Introduction of private property rights
African farmers were pushed on to marginal lands
Economies all oriented to exporting raw materials (“primary produce”) and generating revenue for colonial power

31. Impacts of Imperialism – Middle East
“The foreigners chain up Muslims, put around their necks a yoke servitude, debase them, Humiliate their lineage, and they do not mention their name but with insult. Sometimes, they call them savages and sometimes regard them as hard-hearted and cruel and finally consider them insane animals, what a disaster” Sayyid Jamal Ad-Din Al-Adghani Muslim Tinker 1896

32. What is Africa's political and economic status today?
When colonialism fell in the last half of the 20th century, conflict followed.
The boundaries of the colonies were artificial and did not reflect cultural identities.
For over two hundred years, Africans were not allowed to develop their own economic infrastructure or develop governments.
Consequently, when the colonies obtained freedom, military dictators often ruled. Killing wars, poverty, and disease followed.

33. Southeast Asia
History altered through omission
Short answer
Compare your text book and the outside reading in their accounts of imperialism in the Philippines. Explain how history can be altered by omission and give examples from the 2 readings.