1. Protists and Fungi

2. Protists
Protists
One or many celled organisms that live in moist or wet surroundings.
All are eukaryotic (have a nucleus or membrane bound structures.
Some are plantlike. (chlorophyll) or funguslike
Some are animal-like (motile)
Solid or shell like structures outside of their body.
Most protists have the characteristics of living in a moist or wet surrounding and being eukaryotic, in common.

3. Protists are divided into 3 groups based on shared characteristics.
1) Plant like
2) Animal Like
3) fungus like
Plantlike Protists
Known as algae
Contain chlorophyll- make their own food
Ex. Diatoms, Dinoflagellates, Euglenoids, Red Algae, Green Algae, Brown Algae.

4. Plantlike Protists Dinoflagellates Flagella Euglenoids Brown Algae
One-celled saltwater algae with two flagella
Flagella
long, thin whiplike structure
Euglenoids
Algae with characteristics of both plants and animals.
Brown Algae
Not all algae is green
Algin- found in the cell walls of brown algae is used to thicken ice cream. Its also found in marshmallows, rubber tires, and hand lotion.
Kelp- many-celled brown algae that is
a major food source for fish.

5. Animal-Like Protists Protozoans Ciliates Cilia Paramecium
One-celled, animal-like protists
Classified by the way that they move
Ciliates
Protists that have cilia
Cilia
Short, threadlike structures extending from cell membranes.
Ex. Paramecium
Paramecium
Protozoan with two nuclei that moves using cilia

6. Animal-like Protists Flagellates Psuedopods
Protozoans that move their watery environments whipping their long flagella
Ex. Proterospongia protozoan that moves using flagella
Psuedopods
Move through their environments and feed using temporary extensions of their cytoplasm called pseudopods
Ex. Amoeba use a pseudopod
to move through their environment
and obtain food. Protozoan
that moves using pseudopods.

7. Funguslike Protists Produce spores like fungi
Can move from place to place using psuedopods like amoeba.
All must take in food from an outside source.
Ex. Slime Molds, Water Molds and Downy Mildews

8. Name that Organism!!

9. AMOEBA
ANIMAL-LIKE
EUGLENA
PLANT-LIKE
DIATOM
PLANT -LIKE
DINOFLAGLLATE
PLANT-LIKE
PARAMECIUM
ANIMAL-LIKE
SLIME MOLD
FUNGUS LIKE

10. Fungi Do you think you have fungi in your house? Characteristics
Mushroom soup, fresh mushroom, package of yeast, fungus growing on a loaf of bread or an orange, and mildew fungus growing on your shower curtain.
Characteristics
do not contain chlorophyll
Reproduce by spores
Decompose organic matter
Do NOT make their own food

11. Structure of Fungi
The body of a fungus is usually a mass of many-celled, threadlike tubes called hyphae.
Hyphae produce enzymes that help breakdown food.
The Fungal cells absorb the digested food.
Because of this most fungi are known as saphrophyts.
Grow best in warm, humid areas.

13. Reproduction
Asexual and sexual reproduction in fungi usually involves the production of spores.
Waterproof reproductive cell that grow into a new organism.

14. Yeasts reproduce sexually by forming spores and asexually by budding.
Club Fungi
Grows as hyphae in the soil or on the
surface of its food source.
Basidium
Club-shaped structure that produces spores.
Sac Fungi
Yeast, molds, morels, and truffels
The spores of sac fungi are produced on an ascus.
Yeasts reproduce sexually by forming spores and asexually by budding.
Budding- new organisms grow off the parent’s side.

15. Zygote Fungi The fuzzy black mold that grows in
fruit or bread is a type of zygospore
fungus.
Sporangium
A round spore case on tips of hyphae, in zygote fungi
When each sporangium splits open, hundreds of spores are released into the air.
Some fungi either never reproduce sexually or never have been observed reproducing sexually.
These are called IMPERFECT FUNGI.
There is NO EVIDENCE that their life cycle has a sexual stage.
Ex. Penicillin, athlete’s foot and ringworm

16. You have cracks between your toes and flaky skin
You have cracks between your toes and flaky skin. Your doctor says it is athlete’s foot and suggests you keep your feet cool and dry. Why?
Answer?
Athletes foot is a fungal disease that grows best in warm and humid conditions.

17. Lichens Importance of Lichens
An organism made of a fungus and either a green algae or a cyanobacteria.
Importance of Lichens
Food source for many animals
Weathering process of rocks
Scientists use them as indicator for pollution levels.

18. You are walking in the woods and trip over an old, fallen log
You are walking in the woods and trip over an old, fallen log. It has a dozen half-moon shaped organs growing on it like shelves. What are those organisms and what are they doing on the log??
Answer:
These are a types of fungus. They are helping decompose the log.

19. Some fungi interact with plant roots
Mycorrhizae- mutually beneficial network of fungal hyphae and plant roots.
80% of plants develop mycorrhizae
Helps the plant absorb more nutrients from the soil