1. MANAGING STRESS!!!
Chapter 3

2. What Causes Stress
Chapter 3 Section 1

3. Section Objective
Identify situations that cause stress

4. Stress is…
A reaction of your body and mind to threatening or challenging events in your life
You experience stress when situations, events or people make demands on your body and mind

5. The Many Causes of Stress
The causes of stress are called STRESSORS
Examples of stressors include:
Your alarm clock going off
Upcoming test
Upcoming sporting contest
Argument with friends

6. Major Life Changes
Are stressful because they threaten the person’s sense of security or self-esteem

7. Ranking of Stressors by High School Students
Getting married
Being pregnant and unwed
Experiencing the death of a parent
Acquiring a visible deformity
Going through parents’ divorce
Becoming an unwed father
Becoming involved with alcohol or other drugs
Having a parent jailed for a year or more
Experiencing the death of a sibling
Experiencing a change in acceptance by peers
Discovering you are adopted
Moving to a new school district

8. Everyday Problems
Some of the most common stressors
These common stressors are sometimes called “hassles”
Can include misplacing or losing something, being concerned about looks, too much to do at once

9. Physical Surroundings
Conditions in your immediate surrounding affect your level of stress each day
A major stressor that occurs all around you but is often overlooked is NOISE
Weather conditions, especially snowstorms, heat waves and droughts can also be contributing factors

10. Other Stressors
A major source of stress for teenagers is worrying about the future
Arguments with family members, friends and others is another source of stress
Special events such as dates, team tryouts, job interviews are other stressors as well

11. Positive Stress and Negative Stress
Eustress is POSTIVE stress
Distress is NEGATIVE Stress
Research has shown that at moderate levels stress can actually improve your ability to concentrate and perform your best
Beyond the moderate level though, stress can take a negative toll on performance

12. How Stress Affects The Body
Chapter 3 Section 2

13. Section Objective
Explain how the body responds when faced with stress

14. The body responds to stress in 3 stages:
Stages of Stress
The body responds to stress in 3 stages:
Alarm Stage
Resistance Stage
Exhaustion Stage

15. Alarm Stage
1st stage
When all your body’s systems function smoothly and your mind is at ease, this normal, balanced state is called HOMEOSTASIS
In the alarm stage, your body released Adrenaline

16. Alarm Stage
Adrenaline gives you a burst of energy and caused many other changes in your body like:
Increased heart rate
Increased blood flow to muscles
Increased breathing rate
Muscles tighten
Less blood to skin and digestive system
Pupils dilate (widen)

17. Alarm Stage
During this stage you become more alert and you take in information and become more aware of things going on around you
Once these changes take place, your body reacts in 2 ways: fight or flight

18. Fight or Flight Response
Was essential for primitive people who had to survive wild animals and other dangers
Even today, the same reactions still occur with any stressor

19. Flight or Flight Response

20. Resistance Stage 2nd stage
In some cases you can’t fight or free from the stressor. So if the stressor continues, you enter the resistance stage of the stress response
During this stage, the body tries to recover from the alarm of the first stage

21. Resistance Stage
During this stage the body tries to recover from the alarm of the first stage but since the stressor remains, the body can’t restore homeostasis
The body will continue to function at a higher-than-normal level but it will use a lot of energy during this stage

22. Exhaustion Stage
Last and final stage
If the stressor still continues, you may enter the exhaustion stage
The body is worn down and no longer has enough energy to fight off the stressor

23. Exhaustion Stage
Because the body can’t restore homeostasis, you are more susceptible to illness
This stage doesn’t occur with each stress response, only if the stressor continues for a long time (weeks, months, years)
In extreme cases, this stage can lead to unhealthy behaviors, illness or even death

24. Recognizing Signs of Stress
Physical Signs:
Muscle tension
Headache
Upset stomach
Pounding heart
Shortness of breath
Increased sweating
Dry mouth
Skin rash
Trembling or twitching
Grinding teeth
Nail biting

25. Recognizing Signs of Stress
Emotional Signs:
Irritability, anger
Impatience
Nervousness
Forgetfulness
Inability to concentrate
Negative thinking
Excessive worrying
Loss of interest
Self-criticism
Increased crying

26. Recognizing Signs of Stress
Behavioral Signs:
Loss of appetite
Overeating
Drug abuse
Sleep problems
Restlessness
Hurrying, talking fast
Withdrawing from relationships
Criticizing others
Reckless behavior
Fidgeting

27. Stress and Illness
Stress-related illnesses are called psychosomatic illnesses
These are physical disorders that result from stress or other emotional causes

28. Ulcer
An ulcer is an open sore in the lining or the stomach or other part of the digestive tract
Stress can increase the amount of acid in the stomach which will worsen the ulcer and prevent it from healing

29. Asthma and others
People with asthma which is a disorder of the respiratory system may react to stress with an asthmatic attack
Long periods of stress can lead to high blood pressure and heart disease

30. Stress and Personality
Chapter 3 Section 3

31. Objective
Describe the relationship between personality and stress

32. How you react to a stressor depends on how you answer these questions:
Reaction to stressor
How you react to a stressor depends on how you answer these questions:
Is this situation a threat to my well-being?
Do I have the necessary resources (time, energy, skills and experience) to meet the challenge?
Just as your personality is unique so it the way you react to potentially stressful situations

33. Type A Personality Tend to be rushed and competitive
Try to accomplish as much as they can in the shortest time possible
They have high standards for themselves. If they fail to meet those standards, they become angry, frustrated, even hostile

34. Type B Personality
These personalities are calmer, less competitive and not as concerned about accomplishment.
Less likely to feel stressed if they don’t meet high standards
May have difficulty facing challenges and may cope with stressors by ignoring them

35. Perfectionism
A perfectionist is a person who accepts nothing less than excellence of themselves
While it is important to take pride in your work, these people take things too far because they are never satisfied with what they have accomplished.
They often have trouble meeting deadlines and taking risks.

36. Negative Thinking
Negative thinking only increases a person’s stress level. With negative messages running through a person’s head, it becomes almost impossible to succeed.
Monitor our thoughts and substitute positive thoughts for the negative ones you have
“Coach” yourself through an upcoming stress event (mental rehearsal)

37. Hardiness
Hardiness is the resistance to stress that some people possess.
Hardy individuals seem to share 3 characteristics:
View stressful events as challenges or opportunities rather than threats
Deeply involved in and committed to whatever they are doing
Have a sense of control over what they are doing. They feel that they can influence the outcome of the stressful event

38. Managing Stress
Chapter 3 Section 4

39. Objective Develop a plan for managing stress and maintaining health
Managing stress helps to restore balance in your life- it prevents the stressors from taking control and making you ill

40. Confront the Problem

41. Time Management
You can’t add hours to the day so you need to make the most of the minutes you have
Create a to-do list
Make a daily schedule
TED Talk: of_your_free_time#t

42. Other healthy stress busting techniques
Physical Activity- Yoga, Tai-Chi
Guided Relaxation
Meditation
Mental rehearsal
Humor
Asking for and getting help when you need it