1. Environmental and socio-economic life cycle assessment
The Case Study of a Glass Bangle Factory in Firozabad (India)
Bastien Roquier
Ecointesys – Life Cycle Systems
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL)
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2. Overview Introduction Social / socio-economic impact Methodology
Case study
Synthesis
Conclusion and perspectives
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3. Introduction
Which data and indicators can define social/socio-economic impact on the workers?
How to combine environmental, social and economic aspects in a consistent way?
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4. Social / socio-economic impact
Social Impact
Social impacts include all social and cultural consequences to human populations that alter the ways in which people live, work, play, relate to one another, organize to meet their needs and generally cope as members of a society.
Burdge and Vanclay (1996)
Most of these social aspects are
Difficult to quantify in a life cycle perspective
Not (directly) linked to product or processes
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5. Social / socio-economic impact
A more suitable way to analyse impact on the workers :
The socio-economic impact which focuses on employment, income, gender, age, ...
With...
Impacts (on the workers) directly related to the life cycle of the product
Higher data availability (at local and national levels)
Data compatible with LCA-methodologies .
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6. Social / socio-economic impact
Links between processes and workers.
Process
Environmental changes
Social change processes
Economic
changes
Environmental impacts
Social & socio-economic
impacts
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7. Social / socio-economic impact
Socio-economic framework
International Conventions
International Labor Organization (ILO) conventions
Millennium Development Goals (UNDP)
Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the United Nations’
Convention on the Rights of the Child
Global Reporting Initiatives sustainability reporting guidelines and SA8000
Indicators
UNCSD
EPSILON (European Sustainability Indicators)
MDG, OECD and GRI Indicators
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8. Social / socio-economic impact
Selection of indicator categories (example)
Employment (job creation and job loss)
Equity
Poverty
Knowledge
Interpersonal relationship
Health
Child labour
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9. Social / socio-economic impact
Levels of data acquisition
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10. Methodology Hybrid Process & Input-Output economic LCA
Input-output analysis
Process analysis
Data from:
Interviews, local census, ...
Data from:
National census, economic transaction table
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11. Methodology
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12. Case Study of Firozabad
Indian capital of the glass manufacture
Located 40 km from Agra
In the area of protection of Taj Mahal (TTZ)
Leading producer of traditional glass bangles
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13. Case Study of Firozabad
Factory
Straigh- tening
Cutting
Sorting & Packaging
AE SW WE
AE SW
CO NG EL RM
KER EL RM
EL RM
CB EL
Joining
Hardening
Bangles transport
GRM production & transport
CO NG RM
LPG EL RM
GRM Glass Raw Material
CO Coal
NG Natural Gas
EL Electricity
LPG Liquid Petroleum Gas
KER Kerosene
RM Raw Material
CB Cardboard
AE Air Emission
SW Solid Waste
WE Water Effluent
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14. Case Study of Firozabad
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15. Case Study of Firozabad
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16. Case Study of Firozabad
7200 kgeq CO2 MJ Rs
380 mandays
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17. Case Study of Firozabad
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18. Case Study of Firozabad
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19. Synthesis The pros ... ... and cons
Use of conventional process and IO-LCA methods
Hybrid method allows us to use equal and consistent system boundaries for environment and social LCA
... and cons
High dependence on data availability
Not really adapted to forecast social changes/impacts
Many gaps remain in the framework of a real social impact assessment
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20. Conclusion and outlook
At this stage,
SLCA is not a real SIA (social impact assessment), but it provides relevant information to conduct a SIA from a holistic perspective.
There is a need
To involve sociologist in method development
To select more consistent and relevant indicators
To enlarge the scope of evaluation for all social aspect and the whole population
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21. Thank you!
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