1. 2B.3 Notes Acids & Bases
10/29/18

2. Solvent
Part of a solution usually present in the largest amount. Dissolves the other substances.

3. Solute The substance that is dissolved by the solvent
Can be a solid, liquid, or gas.

4. Solution
A mixture containing a solvent and at least one solute and has the same properties throughout.

5. Diluted Solution
There is only a little solute and a larger amount of solvent.

6. Concentrated Solution
Has a lot of solute and a little solvent

7. Neutralization
When an acid and base react and form a salt and water.

8. Acid Compound with specific characteristics properties pH 0-6.9
Examples: Hydrochloric Acid, Vinegar, Orange Juice
In a CHEMICAL EQUATION: Acids can most times be identified by their chemical formula, the first element is typically Hydrogen

9. Acid’s Chemical Properties
Can give off gas when it reacts with a metal
Neutralization occurs when acids and bases react with each other.
Forma a salt and usually water
Does not react with red litmus paper (the litmus paper will remain red)
Doesn’t react with phenolphthalein

10. Acid’s physical Properties
Tastes sour
Sticky texture

11. Base Opposite of Acid pH: 7.1-14
Example: Baking Soda, Sodium Hydroxide, Antacid
In a CHEMICAL EQUATION: Bases can be recognized by its formula, it typically ends in OH

12. Base’s Chemical Properties
Neutralization occurs when acids and bases react with each other and form a salt and water.
React with red litmus paper, turning it blue
Does NOT react to blue Litmus Paper
Reacts with phenolphthalein turning it magenta

13. Base’s physical Properties
Tastes bitter
Slippery texture

14. Neutrals
Neither an acid nor a base
pH: 7
Examples: Distilled Water

15. Neutrals Chemical Properties
Formed from the reaction of an acid and base
React with Litmus Paper turning it violet
Does NOT react with phenolphthalein

16. There are 3 ways to determine if a solution is an acid or a base
Litmus Paper
Phenolphthalein
pH Strips

17. Litmus Paper
Has a special dye on it that changes colors in the presence of an acid or base
Blue Litmus Paper turns RED with an Acid and stays BLUE with a Base
Red Litmus Paper turns BLUE with a Base and stays RED with an Acid

18. Phenolphthalein Is used to test the presence of a base
It is a colorless chemical that turns magenta (bright pink) in a base
It will stay colorless in a neutral or acid

19. pH Strips Has a range of colors depending on the pH of a solution
The color of the paper is compared to the chart on the vial to determine pH levels

20. Identifying an acid and a base
HCl + NaOH  H2O + Na+ Cl