1. DO NOW: (on back of HW) What is a solute? What is a solvent?
If temperature is increased, does solubility increase or decrease?
If agitation is increased, does solubility increase or decrease?
If surface area is decreased, does solubility increase or decrease?
If pressure increases, does solubility increase or decrease?

2. Lab Friday! Don’t forget your jar! (Sugar too!)

3. Unit: Acids, Bases, and Solutions
Notes
Unit: Acids, Bases, and Solutions
Introduction to Solutions

4. After today you will be able to…
Explain the differences between the three different types of solutions
Describe how to make a supersaturated solution
Describe how to increase the rate of dissolving

5. A solution is a homogeneous mixture
A solution is a homogeneous mixture. The components are not chemically combined and retain their original properties.
Example: Sugar water – still tastes sweet

6. Solutions A solution is made up of a solute and solvent.
Solute: a dissolved substance
Solvent: the most abundant component of a solution, what does the dissolving

7. Water is called the “universal solvent” because it has the ability to dissolve so many substances.

8. Solutions Recall, aqueous is a solution where water is the solvent.
Example:
NaCl(aq) Na+ + Cl-

9. Solubility 
The maximum amount of solute dissolved in a particular solvent at a specific temperature.
Saturated: No more solute can dissolve
Unsaturated: More solute can dissolve
Supersaturated: More solute is dissolved than theoretically possible

10. To make a supersaturated solution:
Add more solute than solubility allows
Heat the solution up
Slowly cool it down
This is a temporary and unstable state for a solution!

11. Factors that affect solubility:
Temperature: most solid substances have higher solubility as temperature increases
All gas solutes have lower solubility as temperature increases
Pressure: only affects gas solutes
All gas solutes have higher solubility as pressure increases

12. Solubility Curves
For Solid Solutes:
For Gas Solutes:

13. Rate of dissolving: How fast a solute dissolves in a solvent – not to be confused with how much.

14. Rate can be increased by:
Increasing temperature- There is more kinetic energy available to meet the activation energy (energy available for dissolving)
Stirring- Increases the interaction between solute and solvent
Powdering- Increase surface area of the solute which increases the interaction between solute and solvent

15. Liquid-Liquid Solutions
Miscible: two liquids which uniformly mix together (ex: milk and water)
Immiscible: two liquids which will not mix, forms two layers (ex: oil and water)
Non-polar + non-polar = miscible
Polar + Polar = miscible
Non-polar + Polar = immiscible
As a general rule: “Like dissolves like”

16. Concentration
Indicates the amount of solute dissolved in a given quantity of solvent.
Dilute: a small amount of solute
Concentrated: a large amount of solute

17. Questions? Begin WS!