1. Ecosystems and the Relationships in Them!

2. Biodiversity Biodiversity means the variety of life
Biosphere
Biomes
Ecosystems
Habitats
Biodiversity means the variety of life
Healthy ecosystems generally have high biodiversity.
Most biodiversity losses occur from the loss of habitat.

3. The interaction between members of two different species live close together is referred to as symbiosis
Three types:
Commensalism,
Mutualism,
Parasitism

4. Commensalism one species benefits, one is not affected
For example, the barnacles on a whale
Clownfish in the sea anemone

5. Mutualism both species benefit
For example, a bee gathering nectar from a flower

6. MUTALISM LICHEN = algae + fungus
Fungus provides a place for the algae to live. It also provides moisture that the algae needs.
The algae provides food (glucose) for the fungus through photosynthesis.

7. Parasitism one species benefits, the other is harmed
mosquito and a human
hookworm living in dogs

8. PARASITISM
MOUTH
HOOK WORMS The common way for hook worms to enter is through the skin (walking barefoot)...
A parasitic worm that lives inside the intestines of its host (mammal). These worms suck blood from the host’s intestinal walls ...this leads to anemia (iron deficiency).

9. PARASITISM The Pine Beetle
Burrows in the tree, feeds on trees phloem (nutrients) and lays its eggs.

10. More Relationships
Interaction between many species will also result in competition for food and other resources, such as water, sunlight, or habitat
Two such interactions are Competition and Predation

11. Competition Examples: Knapweed, Coyotes
Competition occurs when a resource is needed by two or more individuals.
This limits the size and health of that individual and perhaps that population.
Examples of resources that organisms compete over include food, water, and mates
Examples: Knapweed, Coyotes

12. Predation
Predation is the relationship between the “eaters” and the “eaten”
Predators have adaptations to help them catch their prey
Good eye sight, keen sense of smell, sharp teeth
Prey have adaptations to help avoid predators
Examples include spines and shells, camouflage and mimicry
The number of predators and prey influence each other

13. EXAMPLES OF PREDATOR-PREY MODELS