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Ecosystems and the Relationships in Them!
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Biodiversity Biodiversity means the variety of life
Biosphere Biomes Ecosystems Habitats Biodiversity means the variety of life Healthy ecosystems generally have high biodiversity. Most biodiversity losses occur from the loss of habitat.
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The interaction between members of two different species live close together is referred to as symbiosis Three types: Commensalism, Mutualism, Parasitism
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Commensalism one species benefits, one is not affected
For example, the barnacles on a whale Clownfish in the sea anemone
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Mutualism both species benefit
For example, a bee gathering nectar from a flower
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MUTALISM LICHEN = algae + fungus
Fungus provides a place for the algae to live. It also provides moisture that the algae needs. The algae provides food (glucose) for the fungus through photosynthesis.
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Parasitism one species benefits, the other is harmed
mosquito and a human hookworm living in dogs
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PARASITISM MOUTH HOOK WORMS The common way for hook worms to enter is through the skin (walking barefoot)... A parasitic worm that lives inside the intestines of its host (mammal). These worms suck blood from the host’s intestinal walls ...this leads to anemia (iron deficiency).
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PARASITISM The Pine Beetle
Burrows in the tree, feeds on trees phloem (nutrients) and lays its eggs.
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More Relationships Interaction between many species will also result in competition for food and other resources, such as water, sunlight, or habitat Two such interactions are Competition and Predation
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Competition Examples: Knapweed, Coyotes
Competition occurs when a resource is needed by two or more individuals. This limits the size and health of that individual and perhaps that population. Examples of resources that organisms compete over include food, water, and mates Examples: Knapweed, Coyotes
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Predation Predation is the relationship between the “eaters” and the “eaten” Predators have adaptations to help them catch their prey Good eye sight, keen sense of smell, sharp teeth Prey have adaptations to help avoid predators Examples include spines and shells, camouflage and mimicry The number of predators and prey influence each other
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EXAMPLES OF PREDATOR-PREY MODELS
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