1. BACTERIA

2. BACTERIA (Prokaryotes)
Characteristics of Bacteria:
plasma membrane – controls what enters and leaves the cell
cell wall – gives shape and support
capsule - thick sticky coat that helps it stick to its host
flagella – used for movement
ribosomes – makes proteins
circular piece of DNA; no membrane bound organelles
pili – short projections used to trade pieces of its DNA with other bacteria through conjugation

3. conjugation – a process in which 2 organisms exchange genetic material, in prokaryotes, pili (pilus) from one bacterium adheres to a second bacterium to spread genes within a population

4. Bacterial Structure

5. Bacteria Classification:
Archaeabacteria – have cell walls with no peptidoglycan; they are extreme bacteria; they live in extreme habitats;
Methanogens – produce methane gas
Thermophiles – live in hot sulfur springs
Halophiles – live in bodies of
concentrated salt water
2. Eubacteria – have cell walls made of
peptidoglycan: consists of helpful and
harmful bacteria

6. Bacterial Shapes: bacillus – rod shaped cell
coccus – round shaped cell
spirillum – spiral shape

7. Arrangement of Bacteria Cells
Single
Pair
Chain Cluster

8. endospores – a thick wall that forms around chromosomes and a small bit of cytoplasm; when bacteria are exposed to harsh conditions, such as, lack of nutrients, drought, or high temperatures (environmental stress), the endospore can survive and may germinate years later releasing new active bacteria