1. Chapter 20.1-20.2 – Industry and Railroads
Essential Questio
Who was responsible for building the first transcontinental railroad, AND how did the railroad and the industrial revolution change life in America?

2. Industrial Revolution Continues
Throughout 1880s factory production expanded throughout US
Reasons:
Plentiful natural resources
Growing population
Improved transportation
High immigration
New inventions
Investment capital
Government assistance

3. Steel
Before mid 1800s steel was very expensive to manufacture due to steel-making process using huge amounts of coal
In 1850s new process for making steel developed using 1/7th the coal called the Bessemer steel process.
Nation’s steel output increased 500 times between 1867 and 1900
Plows, barbed wire, nails, beams for buildings, and railroads made from steel

4. Iron & Steel Production

5. Edison and Electricity
Edison’s laboratory invented so many things Edison received more than 1,000 U.S. patents
Most famous invention was practical electric lighting
(Electric lights had been invented but were too bright and “flickery”)
Invented light bulb in 1879
By late 1880s Edison’s factory produced about a million light bulbs a year
Thomas Edison

6. U. S. Patents Granted

7. For your Information: Other Inventions
1846- Sewing machines invented by Elias Howe
1867- Typewriter invented by Christopher Latham Sholes
1873 – Jeans invented by Levi Strauss
1876- Alexander Graham Bell invented telephone
Thomas Edison invented cylinder phonograph (music)
1880 – British Perforated Paper Company invents a form of toilet paper
1886 – John Pemberton invents Coca Cola
1888 – Thomas Edison invents the first Kinetoscope (Motion Picture Camera)
1893 – W.L. Judson invents the zipper
1903 – Orville and Wilbur Wright invent first successful flying machine to carry a person
1908 – Henry Ford begins producing Model T Cars

8. Alexander Graham Bell
Telephone (1876)

9. The Phonograph (1877)

10. The Ediphone or Dictaphone

11. The Motion Picture Camera (1888)

12. The Airplane (1903) Wilbur Wright Orville Wright
Kitty Hawk, NC – December 7, 1903

13. Model T Automobile (1908)
Henry Ford “I want to pay my workers so that they can afford my product!”

14. Transcontinental Railroad
1862- Congress passed bill calling for 2 companies to build transcontinental railroad across center of U.S.
Central Pacific Railroad, lead by Leland Stanford, would start in Sacramento, CA, and build East
Leland Stanford, as CPR President, was one of the “Big Four” from the Central Pacific Railroad others included Collis Huntington (VP), Mark Hopkins (Treasurer), and Charles Crocker (Construction Supervisor)
Union Pacific Railroad would start in Omaha, NE, and build west

15. Building the Railroad
Govt lent Central Pacific and Union Pacific Railroads millions of dollars and gave them 20 sq miles of land for every mile of track laid
Central Pacific faced labor shortage due to men wanting to be miners, so instead hired Chinese immigrants (over 10,000 in all)
Chinese worked hard, often given most dangerous jobs, due to health and eating habits often stayed healthier than white workers
Union Pacific hired mostly Civil War vets and immigrants from Ireland
Railroad lines completed meeting point in Promontory , Utah in 1869
By 1890 the railroads earned $734 million per year carrying freight
By 1895 four more U.S. lines had been built across the continent

16. Central Pacific Railroad

17. How were the Chinese treated?

18. “The Big Four” Railroad Magnates of the Central Pacific Railroad
Charles Crocker
Collis Huntington
Mark Hopkins
Leland Stanford

19. Union Pacific Railroad

20. Promontory Point, UT (May 10, 1869)

21. Railroad Time
Before railroads each community determined its own time based on calculations of sun’s travels (Known as “solar time”).
Solar time caused problems for people who scheduled trains crossing several time zones
RR companies set up standard time in 1883, Congress didn’t officially adopt standard time until 1918

22. Railroads Created “Standard Time”

23. Economic and Social Changes
Railroads changed people’s lives in many ways:
Linked economies of West and East
Helped people settle in the West
Weakened Native American hold on West
Gave people more control of the environment (didn’t have to live as close to waterways)

24. Summary Write a 10 sentence summary answering the EQ with details!
Who was responsible for building the first transcontinental railroad AND how did the railroad and industrial revolution change life in America?