1. Chapter 5—Energy and States of Matter
Energy—the ability to do work
Potential energy is stored energy
Kinetic is energy in motion
5.2 Measuring Heat
Metric unit is joule.
4.18 J = 1 cal cal = 1 kcal = 1 Cal.
Calorie with a capital C is the same as the nutritional calorie.

2. Specific Heat
Defn: amount of heat that raises the temperature of 1g of a substance by 1 oC
Formula: Specific Heat = Amount of heat
Mass x oC
DH = m x C x (Tf – Ti)

3. Changes of State Melting point = changes from solid to liquid
Freezing point = same temperature as melting point where liquid becomes solid
Heat of fusion = energy during melting needed to separate a solid
Sublimation = directly from solid to gas
Condensation = from gas to liquid

4. Intermolecular Forces
The greater the intermolecular force, the higher the boiling point
London forces (dispersion forces) weakest intermolecular force but increases with molecular weight
Dipole-Dipole molecule must be polar, negative end attracts positive end of other molecule
Hydrogen bonding strongest intermolecular bond; found in molecules with H, O, N or F.