1. Chapter 1 Nature of Science
Recognize that science is a progressive endeavor that reevaluates and extends what is already accepted.
Design and conduct scientific investigations to explore new phenomena, verify previous results, test how well a theory predicts, and compare opposing theories.

2. Nature of Science Curiosity is the basis of science
Why? How? What if?
Scientific results are based on finding answers
Observations
Qualitative: descriptive
color, shape, state
Quantitative: numerical
how much

3. Science and Technology
Science is a system of knowledge and the method used to find that knowledge
The goal of science is to expand understanding
Technology is the use of knowledge to solve practical problems
The goal of technology is to apply that knowledge
How are they related?
Advances in one lead to advances in the other

4. Branches of Natural Science
Physical
Physics
Chemistry
Engineering
Earth
Geology
Astronomy
Meteorology
Oceanography
Life
Biology
Botany
Ecology
Medicine
Natural Science
Physical
Earth
Life
Overlap occurs to help explain each branch more fully

5. Mrs. Coulter Says
Do pages 3-4
Complete diagram on page 3

6. Scientific Method
A plan for gathering, organizing, and communicating information
The goal is to solve a problem or better understand an observed event

7. Steps of the Scientific Method
Observation
Information from senses
Question
Hypothesis
Proposed answer to question
Experiment
Analyze
Conclude
Supported?
Perform more experiments
Not supported?
Revise hypothesis

8. Experiment Testing hypothesis Variables Manipulated Variable
Any factor that can change during experiment
Manipulated Variable
Independent Variable
Affects other variables
Responding Variable
Dependent Variable
Changes based on manipulated variable
Controlled Experiment
Only one manipulated variable changed at a time

9. Theory versus Law
Scientific law is a statement that summarizes a pattern in nature and is true all the time
Gravity
Newton’s 3 laws
Scientific theory is an explanation based on experimental results

10. Mrs. Coulter Says
Do pages 5-6
Skip the diagram on page 5

11. Scientific Notation What is 49050000? What is 0.0000000087?
Makes large or small numbers easier to deal with
Avogadro's number: 6.02x1023 atoms/mole
Mass of electron 9.11x10-31 kg
What is ?
4.905x107
What is ?
8.7x10-9
Multiplication
(3.0x108)(5.0x102)
=15x1010
=1.5x1011

12. Units Scientists use SI units/metric units
Use the same units to understand what everyone means
Base units
Measurement
Unit
Symbol
Length
Meter m
Mass
Kilogram kg
Temperature
Kelvin K
Time
Second s
Volume
Liter L

13. Prefixes Multiples of ten giga- G Billion 109 1,000,000,000 mega- M
Million 106
1,000,000
kilo- K
Thousand 103
1000
hecta- H
Hundred 102
100
deca- D
Ten 10 10
deci- d
Tenth 10-1
0.1
centi- c
Hundredth 10-2
0.01
milli- m
Thousandth 10-3
0.001
micro- μ
Millionth 10-6
nano- n
Billionth 10-9

14. Ladder Method To use the Ladder Method: Determine the starting point
Kilo k
1000
To convert to a smaller unit, move decimal point to the right (multiply)
Hecta h
100
Deka
D or dk 10
Base Unit
m, L, g
To convert to a larger unit, move decimal point to the left (divide)
Deci d
0.1
Centi c
0.01
Milli m
0.001
To use the Ladder Method:
Determine the starting point
Determine the ending point
Count the “jumps” to get there
Move the decimal that number of times in that direction
4 km = _________ m
Starting point?
Ending point?
How many jumps does it take? 4.
__ .
__ .
__ .
= 4,000 m

15. Conversion Practice Try these conversions using the ladder method.
Kilo k
To convert to a smaller unit, move decimal point to the right (multiply)
Hecta h
Deka D
Base Unit
To convert to a larger unit, move decimal point to the left (divide)
Deci d
Centi c
Milli m
Try these conversions using the ladder method.
1000 mg = ______ g 160 cm = ______ mm 109 g = ______ kg
1 L = ______ L 14 km = ______ m 250 m = ______ km
Compare using <, >, or =.
56 cm 6 m 7 g 698 mg

16. Conversion Practice
Write the correct abbreviation for each metric unit.
1) Kilogram _____ 4) Milliliter _____ 7) Kilometer _____
2) Meter _____ 5) Millimeter _____ 8) Centimeter _____
3) Gram _____ 6) Liter _____ 9) Milligram _____
Try these conversions, using the ladder method.
10) 2000 mg = _______ g 15) 5 L = _______ mL 20) 16 cm = _______ mm
11) 104 km = _______ m 16) 198 g = _______ kg 21) 2500 m = _______ km
12) 480 cm = _____ m 17) 75 mL = _____ L 22) 65 g = _____ mg
13) 5.6 kg = _____ g 18) 50 cm = _____ m 23) 6.3 cm = _____ mm
14) 8 mm = _____ cm 19) 5.6 m = _____ cm 24) 120 mg = _____ g
Compare using <, >, or =.
25) 63 cm 6 m 27) 5 g 508 mg 29) 1,500 mL 1.5 L
26) 536 cm 53.6 dm 28) 43 mg 5 g 30) 3.6 m 36 cm

17. Limits of Measurements
Precision
How exact a measurement is
Accuracy
How close a measurement is to the actual result
Significant Figures
All digits that are known and the last that is estimated
26.04g—4 sig figs
—2 sig figs
1000—1 sig fig

18. Temperature Thermometers measure temperature of substances
Americans use Fahrenheit
⁰F=1.8(⁰C) + 32
Metric unit is Celsius
⁰C=5/9(⁰F – 32)
SI Unit is Kelvin
K=273 + ⁰C

19. Mrs. Coulter Says
Do pages 7-8
Skip the box on page 7

20. Line Graphs Line Graphs Slope (rise/run)
Manipulated variable on x- axis (horizontal)
Responding variable on y- axis (vertical)
Slope (rise/run)
Steepness of line
Ratio of changes
Direct proportion-if one variable increases, the other does too
Straight line
Inverse proportion-product of variable is constant
Curved line

21. Bar Graphs
Compares sets of measurements, amounts, changes

22. Circle Graphs
Shows percentage of parts compared to whole

23. Mrs. Coulter Says Do pages 9-10 Skip the box on page 9
Note pages are first (in order)
Then workbook pages (in order)
Staple the top left
Make sure your name is on it
Turn it in