1. Genes & Heredity
7.L.4A.1 Obtain and communicate information about the relationship between genes and chromosomes to construct explanations of their relationship to inherited characteristics.

2. What do offspring (children) have in common with their parents?
they have the same physical characteristics or traits

3. How do offspring get information from their parents?
DNA is passed from each parent during sexual reproduction through sex cells (eggs & sperm)

4. How much genetic information does each parent contribute?
Half from each
46 chromosomes in all
23 from each parent

5. What is heredity? The passing of traits from one generation to another
From your grandparents to your parents = a new generation

6. What are chromosomes?
Structures found in the nucleus of a cell that contain your genetic information (DNA)

7. Chromosomes

8. What does DNA stand for and how does it look?
Deoxyribonucleic acid; coils or double helixes - spiral ladder shape)
4 nitrogenous bases & a sugar and phosphate backbone
Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G)

9. DNA

10. What are chromosomes composed of?
Long strands of DNA

11. What are genes?
A section or segment of DNA that determines which traits an organism inherits that are found on chromosomes

12. Genes

13. What are genes responsible for?
The inherited characteristics that distinguish one person or individual from another

14. How are genes normally found?
In pairs

15. What is an allele?
One gene from the pair

16. In what 2 ways would genes be described?
Genotype
Genes (2 Letters) EX. AA
Phenotype
Physical characteristics (description) EX. Blue eyes

17. What are some examples of inherited traits?
Fur or hair color
Eye color or shape
hair type
Face shape

18. What are dominant traits and how are they expressed?
Traits that are always expressed (shown) regardless to what other allele is present
Capital letters

19. What are recessive traits and how are they expressed?
Traits that will only be expressed when 2 recessive alleles are present
Lowercase letters

20. DNA 4 Nitrogenous bases & a phosphate and sugar backbone
Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G)

21. RNA Ribonucleic acid Contains Uracil (U) instead of thymine
A single strand of nitrogenous base pairs w/ a phosphorus & sugar backbone
Used to aid the process of transcription and translation