1. Crispr CAs9
By Reece Theakston

2. Background Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
First discovered off the coast of Spain by Francisco Mojica
Background

3. HIV-Background About 35 million people have died of HIV.
Globally, 36.7 million people were living with HIV.
About 1.8 million will contract HIV this year.
20.9 million people were accessing antiretroviral therapy in June 2017

4. Scientists in China have successfully used CRISPR to express latent HIV provirus
Latency-the state of existing but not yet being developed or manifest; concealment.
HIV-1 latent provirus

5. Cancer Background
Mutation in a cell which cause it to rapidly divide and not die.
Each year 12.7 million people discover they have cancer.
7.6 million people die from the disease each year.

6. How CRISPr helps with Cancer
Scientists are using CRISPR to treat cancer by taking advantage CRISPR’s ability target specific locations and to edit the RNAs affecting cancer growth and reproduction.

7. Malaria Background
A disease caused by a plasmodium parasite, transmitted by the bite of infected mosquitoes.
In 2016, there were an estimated 216 million cases of malaria
About deaths from malaria each year

8. Malaria Resistant mosquitos
Scientists at John Hopkins used CRISPR to target the gene called FREP1
This gene encodes for a specific immune protein that allows the malaria parasite to survive in the mosquitos gut
Resulting in the suppression of the protein
Malaria Resistant mosquitos

9. Other applications More efficient fuel More resistant crops
Synthetic materials
Epigenetic variations
Animal models to better understand diseases
Drug development resulting in cheaper pharmaceuticals
Gene surgery
Other applications

10. Cons Ethical issues and patents
Early terminations when dealing with embryos
Unwanted changes (genetically & ecologically)

11. Advancement in CRISPR technology An increase in CRISPR application
Future direction

12. References
Baumann, M. (2016). CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing - new and old ethical issues arising from a revolutionary technology. Nanoethics, 10(2),  
Dyall-Smith, M. (2011), Dangerous weapons: a cautionary tale of CRISPR defence. Molecular Microbiology, 79: 3–6. doi: /j x
John J. Mulvihill, Benjamin Capps, Yann Joly, Tamra Lysaght, Hub A. E. Zwart, Ruth Chadwick, ; Ethical issues of CRISPR technology and gene editing through the lens of solidarity, British Medical Bulletin, Volume 122, Issue 1, 1 June 2017, Pages 17–29,
Karenarchey. “The Pros and Cons of CRISPR and DNA Editing.” e-Flux Conversations, 13 Jan. 2017, conversations.e-flux.com/t/the-pros-and-cons-of- crispr-and-dna-editing/5855
Lu, X., Qi, X., Zheng, D., & Ji, L. (2015). Modeling cancer processes with CRISPR- Cas9. Trends in Biotechnology, 33(6),  
“Maximizing Research Impact via Insightful Peer-Review.” Oncotarget, ath%5B%5D=30215
Singh, V., Gohil, N., Ramírez García, R., Braddick, D. and Fofié, C. K. (2018), Recent Advances in CRISPR-Cas9 Genome Editing Technology for Biological and Biomedical Investigations. J. Cell. Biochem., 119: 81–94. doi: /jcb.26165
Rodriguez E (2016) Ethical Issues in Genome Editing using Crispr/Cas9 System. J Clin Res Bioeth 7:266. doi: /
“The Very Real Dangers of New Gene-Editing Technology.” Mercola.com, articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2017/06/13/crispr-gene-editing- dangers.aspx.
Xue, H., Ji, L., Gao, A., Liu, P., He, J., & Lu, X. (2016). CRISPR-Cas9 for medical genetic screens: Applications and future perspectives. Journal of Medical Genetics, 53(2), 91.