1. Chapter 8
Standards 16,17,18

2. The Roaring 20’s

3. What is Communism?
Carl Marx wrote a book and described communism as a nation where the people own everything collectively with no need for Govt
All land, businesses, homes, ect
Would be started by workers who rebel
Socialism is a type of government that is meant to help a nation transition to communism – extreme government control, and concern for the nation as a whole, not individuals

4. The Red Scare
Russia turned communist during it’s revolution at the end of WWI- a socialist government was put in place to lead to communism
US afraid it would spread
John D. Rockefeller attempted assassination
Palmer Raids authorized- immigrants who were thought to be communist were sent home

5. Immigration Restrictions
Immigration banned from eastern European nations – Russia, Germany, Italy, Poland
KKK restarted and attacked immigrants, Jews, Catholics, as well as blacks

6. Henry Ford
Did not invent the car, invented mass production & assembly line
Made cars affordable for average citizens and his workers (paid $5 per day)
Allowed people to live farther from work, and more mobile

7. Cultural Changes Women freed from only housework- appliances
Machines make work easier= more leisure time
Less formal dress
Radio and movies invented
Popular leisure activities

8. Harlem Renaissance
African Americans from New Orleans and Mississippi brought music to northern cities
Jazz popular with whites as well
Louis Armstrong
Langston Hughes-poet who wrote about black experiences

9. Tin Pan Ally Area of NYC where new music was being produced
Irving Berlin- composed and produced over 300 hits and musicals

10. The Great Depression

11. Initial Prosperity
Calvin Coolidge said “the business of America is business”- believed in laissez-faire
Stock market did very well, economy grew
People began investing in stock market to make money
More products offered so people buy more (consumerism)
People allowed to buy on margin
$100 piece of Ford- purchased for $10 and took out a loan for the other $90- sell two weeks later for $200
$100 profit

12. All Good things must come to an end….
Companies continued to produce but demand slowed down- overproduction
People began to worry about saving more- under consumption

13. Farmers only…
Farmers struggled during the 1920’s because tractors created overproduction
Prices for crops dropped
Many farmers lost their land
Droughts in the Midwest created the dust bowl

15. Hoover’s Bad Luck Herbert Hoover became president in 1929
Oct 29,1929- Black Tuesday
Stock market crash
Hoover blamed for the Great Depression

16. Desperation Companies closed, savings accounts lost
Banks ran out of money
1 out of 4 without a job or savings
Soup kitchens, breadlines created
Hoovervilles- tent cities of homeless people

18. FDR To the Rescue
Franklin D Roosevelt elected in promised “direct relief” from the government
Wanted to experiment with government intervention in the economy
Promised the American people “a new deal” with a new economy
The first 100 days of his presidency he created programs to help
“Fireside chats”- radio speeches every night

19. The First New Deal Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
Hired unmarried men 17-23
Worked in national parks building electrical lines, shelters, planting trees
Structured like military
Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
Provided financial help to farmers
Paid farmers to not plant a full load of crops
Kept overproduction down
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
Insured bank accounts up to $100,000
Kept people from pulling money out of banks
Works Progress Administration (WPA)
Hired men to build needed structures in their hometowns
Gyms, bridges, stadiums
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
Build dams on the Tennessee River to create electricity
Provided electricity to areas of the South without it

22. Critics Not everyone agreed with Roosevelt
Some felt he was leading America toward communism
Others felt Roosevelt was not doing enough
Huey Long from Louisiana felt Roosevelt should redistribute wealth
No citizen should be allowed to make over 1 Million per year (rest taken by taxes)
Killed by anti-communist
New Deal did not do much to help blacks or women

23. 2nd New Deal National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) and Wagner Act
Protected workers who joined unions
Created a board to report on bosses who treat people unfairly
Social Security Act (SSA)
Provided a retirement income to workers after age 65
Workers pay money to SSA every paycheck then get it back after they retire
Only program still working today
Revenue Act
Raised taxes on people making over $50,000 per year

24. Court Packing Scheme
FDR was frustrated because the Supreme Court was stopping some of his programs
Suggested to congress that they raise the number of judges from 9 to 15
If allowed, FDR would get to nominate 6 new judges who he knew would agree with him
People outraged- feared he was a dictator
FDR backed down from the plan

25. Eleanor Roosevelt First 1st lady to take a public role
An activist for women’s rights and equality for minorities
Invited jazz musicians to white house
Sat with blacks on a bus in AL
Made speeches for FDR while he was sick
He was secretly disabled and could not walk

26. WWII
Hitler comes to power in Germany and begins breaking rules of the Treaty
Japan being aggressive in the Pacific
US decided to be Neutral
Neutrality Act
FDR believed we should go to war