1. 2.2 Classification of Matter

2. States of Matter Solid-Rigid, with a fixed shape and volume.
Liquid-Has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container
Gas-Has no fixed volume or shape – it uniformly fills any container.

3. Classification of Matter
Substance- a material with definite chemical composition
Element- a substance that contains only one type of atom
Compound- a substance that contains two or more different types of atoms bound together in a fixed proportion.

4. Mixtures are a blend of 2 or more pure substances
Homogeneous mixtures = same throughout
Solution- mix of liquid and another substance
Alloy- mix of two or more solids

5. Heterogeneous mixtures = different throughout
Suspension- heterogeneous mixture that settles out over time
Colloid- heterogeneous mixture that does not settle out over time

6. Properties of Matter
Physical Properties: Properties that are observed or measured without changing a substance
examples: color, size, shape, density, melting point, boiling point

7. Chemical Properties:
characteristics of a substance that indicate whether it can undergo certain chemical changes
examples: flammability, reaction to light

8. Changes of Matter Physical Change- does not produce a new substance
ex: change in size or state

9. Chemical Change- produces a new substance
ex: Bubbles (Most of the time)
Solid forms (precipitate)
Change in temperature
Change in color

10. Separation of Matter
Filtration- poured through filter paper to separate a solid from a liquid
Flotation (density separation)- separation of substances because of varying densities
Crystallization (solubility separation)- If a solid is dissolved in liquid then the liquid is removed and evaporated off until it solidifies

11. Separation of Matter
Distillation (boiling point separation)- liquid is boiled off and condensed in a collection vial
Chromatography- separation of substances with different polarities by moving them up a paper
Specific Properties- Iron is attracted to a magnet and can be separated