1. Kingdoms, Trade, & Slavery Ch.11, 14 sec. 2 & 15 sec. 4&5
Africa
Kingdoms, Trade, & Slavery
Ch.11, 14 sec. 2 & 15 sec. 4&5

2. Geography & Climate •(From North to South)
–Mediterranean coast: fertile farmland
–Sahara Desert
–Dry steppes (grasslands)
–Savannah (grassy plains)
–Rain forests
–Savannah
–Dry steppes
–Kalahari and Namib Deserts
–Southern tip: fertile farmland

3. Resources
Trade
Wealth
Power
Salt
Gold
Iron
Copper
USED NILE RIVER

4. Duhn Duhn Duhnnnn... Rome conquers Carthage Builds empire
Uses African trade routes for $$$$
Islam spreads to Africa

5. Kingdoms Sahara Food surplus= trade traded gold for salt
Salt= “commodity”
rare, valuable

6. Land of Gold Ghana Between the Niger and Senegal rivers= fertile land
Used gold dust as $$$
Ghana
Between the Niger and Senegal rivers= fertile land
Conquered first by Muslims from the north and then by the Kingdom of Mali

7. “Where the king dwells”
Mali
Ruled by Mansa Musa (greatest African king)
made laws based on Islam
made trade agreements w/ Muslim nations

8. Mansa Musa Made Timbuktu center for education Made Hajj to Mecca
pilgrimage for Islam
Carried 100 camels w/ 300 lbs of gold each!
Took 60,000 men all dressed in Chinese silk

9. New Empire Songhai Conquered most of West Africa King Askia Muhammad
–converted the people to Islam
–improved government
–increased trade
–built many mosques and schools
Songhai fell into civil war over royal succession

10. East Africa
Trade, Religion, Art

11. Christianity Axum: royal family converts to Christianity
(now Ethiopia)
Majority of Africa = Muslim
Cut off trade w/ Christians (Axum)

12. Great Zimbabwe Traded manufactured goods: -Cloth -Jewelry -Tools
Trade routes & soil declined

13. People & Lifestyles Nomadic hunter-gatherers Coastal fishermen
Settled farmers (livestock & fruits & grains)

14. Families Nuclear: mother, father, children
Extended: distant relatives live together
Patrilineal: wealth/power passed from father
Matrilineal: passed from mother
Age = role in society

15. Islam vs. Christianity in Africa
Islam spread faster than Christianity because it mirrored existing African culture
-Allowed polygamy (multiple wives)
- Community focused
- Clearly defined gender roles

16. African Arts Carved wood/ivory, textiles Religious of social purpose
Oral storytelling
Song & Dance

18. Columbian Exchange Triangular Slave Trade
Impact of Trade
Columbian Exchange
Triangular Slave Trade

19. Positive Impact of Trade
New ways of thinking
New Discoveries
Food, govt, resources, science, etc
Cultural Diffusion
Religion, art, ideas
New cities

20. Negative Impact of Trade
Forced Slavery
Wars over new territory
Death (wars, disease, etc)

21. Slave Trade (1500s)
Africans were used as forced manual labor by Europeans to work on plantations
Cotton, tobacco, rice, sugar= $$$$
Slaves traded for valuable goods
by Africans for weapons, rum, sugar, tobacco
Part of Triangular trade route

22. Triangular Trade
Trade routes from Europe, Africa, and the Americas

23. Columbian Exchange (1500-1600s)
•Exchange of goods, plants, foods, animals and diseases from New and Old World
•Diseases from Europeans killed Natives (no immunity)

24. Columbian Exchange