1. Hazards Planning and Risk Management Recovery and Rehabilitation
Lecture No. 11
Disaster Management Cycle
Recovery and Rehabilitation
Fall 2016
US – Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Water

2. Learning Objectives
To understand disaster risk management phases of Recovery and Rehabilitation
To identify suitable hazard disaster recovery and rehabilitation measures

3. Reading Material
Introduction to Emergency Management By George Haddow, Jane Bullock, Damon P. Coppola
FEMA Training Module: The Emergency Manager – Mitigation Unit 6 (Pdf provided)

4. Disaster cycle (rather spiral) and its development through time
(Mitigation)
Source: Dr. Cees Westen ITC
Disaster cycle (rather spiral) and its development through time

5. Recovery Rebuilding, reconstruction, repair of the damages
Function by which communities and individual repair, reconstruct or regain what has been lost as a result of a disaster
Recovery measures should also reduce the risk in future
Many times least organized among other management functions
Like response, recovery also is performed within constraint time setting
Requires special skills, equipment, resources and personnel
Recovery period follows the emergency phase of a disaster

6. Recovery
The recovery function is not so easily classified. This function often begins in the initial hours and days following a disaster event and can continue for months and, in some cases, years, depending on the severity of the event
Recovery function has such long-lasting effects and usually high costs
Participants include all levels of government, military, the business community, political leadership, community activists, and individuals
Unique to each community and depends on the extend of the damages and available resources to cope

7. Recovery Model
Source: E. J. Peters 2010

8. Actions and Activities
Ongoing communication with public
Provision of temporary houses or long term shelter
Assessment of damages and needs
Inspection of damaged structures
Demolition of damaged structures
Clearance, removal and disposal of debris
Repair of damaged structures
Source: Coppola

9. Actions and Activities
Rehabilitation of structures
New construction
Social rehabilitation programs
Creation of employment opportunities
Reimbursement for property losses
Rehabilitation of the injured
Reassessment of hazard risk
Source: Coppola

10. Pre-Disaster Recovery Actions
Hypothetical and focusing on broad goals than on specific action and procedures
Sometimes referred as “Pre-Event Planning for Post-Event Recovery (PEPPER)”
Can reduce the risk of haphazard rebuilding
Broad goal Example: Reduce vulnerability to electric transmission wires”

11. Pre-Disaster Recovery Actions
Examples:
Site selection for long term temporary houses
Site selection for temporary business activity
Site selection for disposal of debris
Emergency needs assessment
Volunteers and donation management
Mitigation measures and secondary hazard reduction measures

12. Methods
Discuss methods used in disaster/emergency response operations?

13. Short Term Recovery Restores vital services and systems
Immediate and overlaps with response
Actions
Providing food and shelter to the effected people
Providing essential public health and safety services
Restoring interrupted utility and other essential services (roads cleared)
Reestablishing transportation routes
Providing food and shelter for those displaced by the incident

14. Role of GIS in Short Term Recovery
A GIS can play an important role in short-term recovery efforts.
One of the most difficult jobs in a disaster is damage assessment
Visual Status maps (can be viewed form remote locations): damaged facility, type and amount of damage, number of shelters needed and where they should be located for reasonable access, areas where services have been restored in order to quickly reallocate recovery work to other priority tasks, etc.
Source:

15. Long Term Recovery Restores all services to normal or better condition
Restoration of both the personal lives of individuals and the livelihood of the community
May involve some of the same actions as of short term
Permanent construction or replacement of severely damaged physical structures
Full restoration of all services and local infrastructure, and the revitalization of the economy
May continue for a number of months or years depending upon the severity of the damages
Example:
Complete redevelopment of damaged areas
Look for American Planning Association entitled Planning for Post-Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction .

16. Role of GIS in Long Term Recover
Long-term plans and progress can be displayed and tracked utilizing a GIS
Mapping how and where funds are allocated on GIS

17. Post Disaster Long Term Recovery Planning
Planning before the next disaster strikes
It provides the following benefits
Identifies the most vulnerable areas of the community
Accelerates approval of federal funding for rebuilding in the post disaster environment
Anticipates/compensates for regulatory and environmental requirements for rebuilding
Minimizes economic and social disruption to the community
Maximizes post-disaster funding in the public and private sectors
Source: Coppola book

18. What is Needed for Good Documentation
Take pictures of damages and repairs (supplement from private citizens)
Take notes on damages and repairs (write or take notes into a tape recorder and transcribe later)
Clip and file newspaper reports and stories (if possible get video footage from the TV stations)
Record all expenditures carefully with all receipts and invoices
Make sure anyone acting on behalf of the jurisdiction does the same
Source: Introduction to Disaster Management: Virtual University for Small States of the Commonwealth (VUSSC)
Disaster Management
Version 1.0

19. Source: FEMA: http://training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/downloads/is1_Unit6.pdf

20. Disasters as Opportunities for Development Initiatives
With a disaster comes disruption and tragedy, but in the aftermath comes opportunity!

21. Disasters can highlight particular areas of vulnerability
Political environment may favor a much higher rate of economic and social change than before, in areas such as land reform, new job training, housing improvements, and restructuring of the economic base
Emergency lending for post-disaster investment may be used for restructuring of the economy as a result of a disaster

22. Damage Assessment
Pic sources:

23. Preliminary Damage Assessment
Estimates of the expenses and damages
Amount and type of damage (number of homes destroyed or with major damage)
Impact on the infrastructure of affected areas or critical facilities
Imminent threats to public health and safety

24. Preliminary Damage Assessment
Impacts to essential government services and functions
Dispersion or concentration of damage
Assistance available from other sources (federal, local, voluntary organizations)
Etc.

25. Damage Assessment and Reporting
Planning: systematic planning for conducting following tasks
What/how information to be collected, timeframe and extent
Data Collection and Verification
Data Analysis: what is important in terms of response

26. Damage Assessment and Reporting
Forecasting: estimates on how the disaster will propagate and predict future potential problems
Reporting: sending this information to the relevant users in a timely manner
Monitoring: updated assessment with the changing emergency situation

27. Questions?