1. Key Question: How does mining activity modify the landscape and how can it be restored?
Key Words:
Spoil Heap
Pillar and Stall
Subsidence
Open Cast
Landscaping

2. Think of the questions you would want to ask
What has happened here?
Think of the questions you would want to ask

3. Types of Mining (i) Deep (underground)
(ii) Surface / Opencast (Strip Mining)

4. (i) Deep Mining

5. a. Pillar and Stall
Old fashioned
method

6. OVERBURDEN
Coal
Seam
Collapse!
Pillars often made of wood or pillars of rock

7. a. Pillar and Stall
Broken pillars can lead to subsidence and damage to buildings

8. b. Longwall Retreat
Direction of Mining
Coal Seam
Collapsed Roof
(Gob)

9. b. Longwall Retreat
Two access tunnels are sunk 90o to coal face
Coal seam worked backwards towards entrance of mine.
Overburden is allowed to collapse

11. Shearer cuts coal
face

12. 2. Surface Mining (Opencast)

13. What do you think the advantages are of this type of mining?

14. The overburden is stripped off using a dragline excavator
This type is large scale
Click Here for Video of a Dragline Excavator

15. The overburden is stripped off using
a dragline excavator
This type is large scale

16. 2. Mining Problems

17. a. Mine Collapse

18. b. Subsidence

19. c. Tip Collapse
e.g. Aberfan, Near Merthyr Tydfil, 1966
Tip No 7 Collapsed, killing 144 people
killing all the children in Pantglas Junior School (117)

22. d. Acid Mine Waste

23. Products of weathering of Iron Pyrite produce acid waters in old mines.
Need permanent pumping out once closed.

24. Restoring the landscape
after mining

25. A Spoil tip at Dalton Park, Co Durham 1960

26. A Spoil tip at Dalton Park, Co Durham 1980’s
Landscaping and contouring in
progress

27. Dalton Park Today!!!
Now a nature reserve and..
Outlet Shopping Centre

28. Landscaping
transformed
the area!

29. Mining

30. 1

31. 2
&

32. 3

33. 4

34. 5

35. id 6

36. 7

37. 8

38. 9

39. 10. BONUS QUESTION K

40. Get Ready for the Answers…

41. 1
Long wall Retreat

42. 2
Pillar and Stall
&

43. Open Cast 3

44. Over Burden 4

45. 5
Subsidence

46. id
Acid Mine Waste 6

47. 7
Drag Line

48. 8
Aberfan

49. 9
Shearer

50. 10. BONUS QUESTION K
Coal Seam