1. BIOCHEMISTRY
Chemistry of Life

4. Review of Chemistry Atom – neutral (protons, neutrons, & electrons)
Atomic Number-# of protons (and # electrons)
Atomic Mass - # protons + # neutrons
Element – pure substance, one type of atom
Molecule (covalently bonded compounds)
Compound – 2 or more different elements together in a fixed ratio- H2O
Bonds
Ionic (Ions-charged atoms)
* Covalent – sharing of electrons-strong
* Hydrogen – weak bonds

5. ISOTOPES Different # of neutrons Different ATOMIC MASS
Carbon 14 – Radioactive
Carbon dating
Molecular label (trace movement of substances in an organism).
Cancer treatment
Anti-bacterial - food treatment (prevent spoilage)

6. WATER Polar (Bear?)-uneven distribution of e-
Oxygen – slight (–) charge
Hydrogen – slight (+) charge
“Mickey Mouse”
Covalent bonds (within water molecule- H to O)
Water to water molecules bonded together with :
Hydrogen bonds
Attraction of water molecules
Adhesion – different substances (glass)
– capillary action/meniscus
Cohesion – same substance (water attracted to water)
beads of water on car/penny
Surface Tension (spiders/water striders/needle on water)
“molecules on the surface of the liquid are not surrounded by like molecules on all sides, they are more attracted to other water molecules on the surface.”

8. WATER Boiling and melting/freezing points
High specific heat (holds heat, more energy to raise temp.)
Temperature (oC) Know:
H2O: Boiling Point 100 oC Melting Pt. (Ice) 0 oC
Body Temp. 37 oC Room Temp. 24 oC
As freezes-less dense
Mixture (physically mixed)
Solution (mixture evenly distributed)
Suspension (nondissolved)
Solute – substance dissolved
Solvent – substance – that dissolves solute
WATER IS THE GREATEST SOLVENT
The solvent of life!

9. Water is the solvent of life
WATER IS THE UNIVERSAL SOLVENT
(But oil/fats do not dissolve in water)
Water properties support life
Homeostasis: Better ability to resist temp. changes
Cohesion & Adhesion
Solvent
Low Density of Ice

10. pH (factor of 10 – logarithmic)
Acids (pH <7 – higher conc. of H+ ions than pure water)
Bases (pH>7 – compound that produces OH- ions in a solution)
Neutral 7
Buffer (weak acid/weak base – important in Human Body pH)
Prevents sudden sharp pH changes
Important in maintaining Homeostasis

14. Organic Chemistry
Chemical compounds that contain CARBON and are essential to life.
The study of all compounds – Bonds between Carbon atoms. C H O N P
(S)

15. C 6 Carbon 12.011 An Element in the Periodic Table Section 2-1
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16. CARBON Essential Element for life C-12 Atomic # Atomic Mass
Valence Electrons: e- available to form bonds
Each valence e- can form a strong covalent bond
Bond w/ C, H, O, N, P, S
C-C bonds: single, double, triple, chains, rings

17. Macromolecules – “Giant molecules”
Made of smaller molecules: monomers
Monomers can be same or different
Formed by polymerization
Condensation (form polymer + Molecule of water)
Vs. Hydrolysis (break down macromolecule-insertion of water)