1. REVIEW SLIDES

2. NOTE:
Disclaimer: students may find typos/mistakes in these reviews. If you spot them, please feel free to make a change and then the instructor the corrected Power Point.
Disclaimer: these slides are not intended to substitute for exam preparation. Finding a mistake does not exempt students from knowing the material.

3. Chapter 20
REPRODUCTION

4. When sperm meets the egg, this is called…

5. When sperm meets the egg, this is called fertilization.

6. The formation of eggs is referred to as ___________.

7. The formation of eggs is referred to as oogenesis_.

8. The formation of sperm is called

9. The formation of sperm is called spermatogenesis.

10. What is a fetus? (How many weeks)?

11. What is a fetus. A fetus is after the embryonic stage
What is a fetus? A fetus is after the embryonic stage. Fetus (9 – 38 weeks) Embryo (1-8 weeks)

12. Describe endometriosis

13. Describe endometriosis
Endometriosis is a disorder in which tissue that normally lines the inside of the uterus — the endometrium — grows outside the uterus.
Endometriosis most commonly involves the ovaries, fallopian tubes and the tissue lining the pelvis. Rarely, endometrial tissue may spread beyond pelvic organs.

14. Describe androgen insensitivity syndrome

15. Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is when a person who is genetically male (who has one X and one Y chromosome) is resistant to male hormones (called androgens). As a result, the person has some or all of the physical traits of a woman, but the genetic makeup of a man.

16. Describe uterine fibroids (leiomyomas)

17. Describe uterine fibroids (leiomyomas)
Clinical application p. 723 Benign tumors in uterine smooth muscle Composed of muscle cells Stimulated by estradiol and progesterone May extend into peritoneal cavity Symptoms: bleeding, miscarriage, incontinence, Found in 70 – 80% of women by the age of 50

18. Amniocentesis is…

19. Amniocentesis
Samples from the amniotic fluid can help diagnose genetic abnormalities such as Down syndrome.
Samples are taken at week 16

20. Human chorionic gonadotropin, produced by the trophoblast, serves to suppress

21. Human chorionic gonadotropin, produced by the trophoblast, serves to suppress ovulation. It keeps the corpus luteum alive, and the corpus luteum secretes estrogen and progesterone which have a negative feedback on the pituitary’s production of GnRH.

22. Describe the action of viagra on the molecules of smooth muscle.
Viagra leads to smooth muscle relaxation and the dilation of blood vessels to maintain erection. Viagra ensures that ____________ molecule does not get degraded.

23. Describe the action of viagra on the molecules of smooth muscle.
Viagra leads to smooth muscle relaxation and the dilation of blood vessels to maintain erection. Viagra ensures that ___cGMP_____ molecule does not get degraded.

24. Fig
Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Cyclic GMP is a smooth muscle relaxant that cannot be degraded in the presence of
VIAGRA (which inhibits PDE)
Parasympathetic axon
Parasympathetic axon
ACh
Stimulates
eNOS
Vascular
endothelial
cell
L-Arginine O2 NO
Nitric
oxide 1
GTP
Activates
guanylate
cyclase
Vascular
smooth muscle
cell 3
Decreased
cytoplasmic Ca2+
Inhibits
PDE
cGMP
Smooth muscle
relaxes
Viagra
5' GMP
Engorgement
of erectile
tissue 2
Ca2+
channels
close
Ca2+
Erection

25. Describe the journey of the egg and fertilization in the fallopian tube.

26. Fig. 20.41 Cleavage Zygote 8-cell stage 4-cell stage 2-cell stage
Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Cleavage
Zygote
8-cell
stage
4-cell
stage
2-cell
stage
Egg cell nucleus
Morula
Sperm cell nucleus
Sperm cells
Fertilization
Blastocyst
Ovary
Ovulation
Corpus
luteum
Maturing
follicle
Secondary
oocyte
Implanted
blastocyst

27. Human chorionic gonadotropin, produced by the trophoblast, serves to suppress

28. Human chorionic gonadotropin, produced by the trophoblast, serves to suppress ovulation