1. Summary, Paraphrase, and Quotation
Ch. 1

2. A brief statement, in your own words, of the content of a passage.
Central idea
Main points
No opinions!
What is a summary?

3. Three qualities of a good summary!
Brevity
Completeness
objectivity
Three qualities of a good summary!

4. Using the Summary A way to understand what you’ve read
Useful to your readers
Required frequently
Using the Summary

5. The Reading Process Perceive the shape of the argument
Grasp the central idea
Determine the main points
Relate the parts to the whole
Note key examples
The Reading Process

6. Steps for Critical Reading
Examine the context
Note the title and subtitle
Identify the main point
Identify the subordinate points
Break the reading into sections
Distinguish between points, examples, counterarguments
Watch for transitions within and between paragraphs
Steps for Critical Reading

7. Write a Thesis The most general statement of a summary
Contains the TOPIC and the CLAIM
Paragraphs contain supporting details
Write a Thesis

8. Paraphrase Like a summary, recasting a passage into your own words
BUT, same length as original
Paraphrase

9. Why paraphrase? If the language of the original text is Dense Abstract
Archaic
Confusing
Why paraphrase?

10. How to paraphrase Make sure you understand the source passage
Substitute your own words for those of the source passage; look for synonyms that carry the same meaning as the original words
Rearrange your own sentences so that they read smoothly
How to paraphrase

11. To summarize or paraphrase?
Summary
Best when shortening long material like a book or an article
Paraphrase
Best for difficult passages
To summarize or paraphrase?

12. Records the exact language used by someone in speech or writing
Should be used sparingly
Quotations

13. Quotations Direct When you record precisely the language of another
Ex. Franklin D. Roosevelt said, “The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.”
Indirect
When you report what someone has said without repeating the words exactly as spoken (or written)
Ex. Franklin D. Roosevelt said that we have nothing to fear but fear itself.
Quotations

14. When another writer’s language is particularly memorable and will add interest and liveliness to your paper
When another writer’s language is so clear and economical that to make the same point in your own words would by comparison, be ineffective
When you want the solid reputation of a source to lend authority and credibility to your own writing
When to quote

15. Using quotations in a sentence
Quote only the part of the sentence or paragraph that you need
Incorporate the quotation into the flow of your own sentence
Avoid freestanding quotations
Use ellipses when needed
Use brackets to add or substitute words
Using quotations in a sentence

16. Summarize
To present the main points of a lengthy passage (article or book)
To condense peripheral points necessary to discussion
Paraphrase
To clarify a short passage
To emphasize main points
Quote
To capture another writer’s particularly memorable language
To capture another writer’s clearly and economically states language
To lend authority and credibility to your own writing
Review

17. Cite all quoted material and all summarized and paraphrased material, unless the information is common knowledge
Make sure that both the wording and the sentence structure of your summaries and paraphrases are substantially your own
Avoiding Plagiarism