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ASTR 1020 Second Homework Due Feb 9

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Presentation on theme: "ASTR 1020 Second Homework Due Feb 9"— Presentation transcript:

1 ASTR 1020 Second Homework Due Feb 9
Next Observatory opportunity Feb 7pm Planetarium on Feb 14 First Exam Feb 21 Website

2 Fusion vs. Fission Fusion: Atoms unite and release energy (Fuse)
New atom must be no heavier than iron z=26 Fission: Heavy atoms split to release energy Initial atom must be heavier than iron WWII Nukes were fission bombs made of U and Pu Sun works on FUSION of H into He

3 Proton-Proton Chain Bottom Line: H+H+H+H  He 1H1 +1H1  1H2 + e+ + n
1H2 +1H1  2He3 + g 2He3 +2He3  2He4 + 1H1 + 1H1 5x106 < T < 2x107K

4 CNO Cycle 6C12 +1H1  7N13 + g 7N13  6C13 + e+ + n
7N14 +1H1  8O15 + g 8O15  7N15 + e+ + n 2x107 < T < 108K 7N15 +1H1  6C12 + 2He4 Net: 1H1 +1H1 + 1H1 +1H1  2He4 + 2e+ + 4g +2n hydrogen -> helium + energy

5 Triple-a Reaction 2He4 +2He4  4Be8 + g 4Be8 +2He4  6C12 + g
T < 108K 4Be8 +2He4  6C12 + g Must be very dense for this to work Be8 decays back into helium very quickly unless struck by another He4 Too low density in Big Bang Net: 2He4 +2He4 + 2He4 +2He4  6C12 + 2g helium -> carbon + energy

6 Solar Schematic

7 Sunspots Seen by Ancient Persians

8 Groups of Sunspots

9 Solar Corona Visible in Eclipse

10 The 1999 Eclipse

11 August 21, 2017

12 The Sun Viewed in X-rays

13 X-ray Movie

14 X-ray Loops

15 Magnetic Structure

16 Dynamic Structure

17 Solar Turbulence

18 Differential Rotation
Rotates in 25 days at Equator 28 days Mid Latitude 30 days Poles Rapidly Twists Up

19

20

21 Sunspots Erupt in Groups

22 During mid 1600’s sunspots became non-existent
Sunspot Cycle During mid 1600’s sunspots became non-existent Maunder Minimum

23 Solar Wind 5x105K Corona 2x106K Photosphere 5500K
Transition Region 105K Chromosphere 104K Photosphere 5500K

24 Solar Wind Passes Earth

25 Summary: Sun as a Star Formed from cloud 4.6x109 years ago
Collapsed to present size stabilized by nuclear reactions Emits 4x1026 W Runs on proton-proton chain and CNO cycle Now 20% brighter Turbulent upper envelope Magnetic Fields from Differential Rotation Sunspots, Corona, Solar Wind Activity Cycle 11 years

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