1. Patterns of Evolution

2. Coevolution Two or more species that interact may evolve together.
Examples:
Predator-prey
Parasites and hosts
Plants and their pollinators

3. Convergent Evolution
Organisms that appear to be very similar, are not closely related at all.
The environment selects for the phenotype
Examples:
Sharks and Dolphins
Analogous structures are associated with convergent evolution

4. Divergent Evolution
When closely related species become more dissimilar usually because of different habitats
Adaptive radiation: related species evolve from a single ancestral species

5. Things that effect evolution
change in climate/habitat: a trait that was an advantage may no longer be an advantage
genetic drift:
change in allele frequency by chance events
greater impact on small populations
migration: species can be seperated or exposed to new environments

6. geographic isolation: a species can be seperated geographically (canyon, different islands, etc.)
mutations: new variations can arise by random chance
reproductive isolation: something prevents organisms from sucessfully breeding examples: different mating seasons, different mating calls

7. Classification
Taxonomy: the branch of biology that names and groups organism according to their characteristics and evolutionary history.
Aristotle was the first to use this method but was replaced due to confusion

8. Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) Swedish Naturalist
Devised a system of grouping organisms into categories based upon form and structure
Created seven different levels of organization

9. 7 Levels of Classification
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Kindly
Pass
Connie
Over
Fresh
Green
Salad

11. Binomial Nomenclature
Two Name Naming System

12. Binomial Nomenclature
System that gives organisms two-part scientific name
Genus species
Genus is capitalized and both are in italics
Examples:
Homo sapiens
Lynx rufus

13. 3 Domain System
Recently, scientists have added a group above Kingdom.  Three groups, called DOMAINS.
Domain Eukarya - includes organisms composed of eukaryotic cells (plants, animals, fungi, protists)
Domain Bacteria - includes all prokaryotic cells, Kingdom Eubacteria
Domain Archaea - includes only "ancient" bacteria, Archaebacteria

14. Tree of life
Phylogenetic Tree: showing evolutionary relationships among various species based upon similarities and differences in their physical and/or genetic characteristics.

16. Phylogenetic Trees Use a combination of: Shared anatomical structures
Pattern of embryological development
Types of proteins
DNA sequencing

17. Closely Related
Node
Derived Character: Characteristics that appear more recently in a group but are not seen in older organisms

18. 1. ______ Wings 2. ______ 6 Legs 3. ______ Segmented Body 4
1. ______ Wings 2. ______ 6 Legs 3. ______ Segmented Body 4. ______ Double set of wings 5. ______ Jumping Legs 6. ______ Crushing mouthparts 7. ______ Legs 8. ______ Curly Antennae

19. Dichotomous Keys A step-by-step guide to help identify an organism
Follows a series of choices that lead you to the organism’s name

20. Dichotomous Keys 1. Has green colored body ......go to 2
Has purple colored body go to 4 2.
Has 4 legs .....go to 3
Has 8 legs  Deerus octagis 3.
Has a tail  Deerus pestis
Does not have a tail ..... Deerus magnus 4.
Has a pointy hump  Deerus humpis
Does not have a pointy hump.....go to 5 5.
Has ears Deerus purplinis
Does not have ears Deerus deafus

21. answers
A. Deerus magnus B. Deerus pestis C. Deerus octagis D. Deerus purplinis E. Deerus deafus F. Deerus humpis