1. Symbiotic Relationships

2. Our goal for today is to answer these questions:
What is symbiosis?
What are the different kinds of symbiosis?
What are some examples of symbiosis?

3. SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS
SYMBIOSIS is the interaction between 2 different organisms living together
HOST- usually the LARGER of the 2 organisms
SYMBIONT- usually the SMALLER member

4. the act of living together
What is symbiosis?
the act of living together

5. Symbiosis What it means: Two organisms that live together
Temporarily or for a longer time
At least one of the organisms benefits from the relationship

6. THE THREE SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS ARE...
PARASITISM
MUTUALISM
COMMENSALISM

7. What are the different kinds of symbiosis?
Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism
both organisms benefit
one organism benefits
one organism benefits
one organism is unaffected
one organism is harmed

8. PARASITISM Is a relationship where the Symbiont lives in/on the Host
The Symbiont (or Parasite) BENEFITS
The Host is HARMED
For example, the tick in the picture above is a parasite. It benefits by extracting blood from its human host. The human is harmed because

9. Organism One Organism Two
Parasitism
Organism One Organism Two

10. What symbiotic relationship is this?
Acacia Plant & Ants
The ants lay eggs on acacia tree so they get a nice safe place for their eggs. The acacia covers the infected area with brown flesh (called a gall.) The plant has to use valuable resources to create the gall.
parasitism
What symbiotic relationship is this?

11. Mutualism
Is a relationship between the host and a symbiont, where both organisms benefit and neither is harmed.
The relationship can be long or short term.
For example, in the photo above, the host flower benefits by being pollinated by the traveling butterfly. The symbiont butterfly benefits from the nectar that it extracts from the flower.

12. Organism One Organism Two
Mutualism
Organism One Organism Two

13. What symbiotic relationship is this?
Anemone & Anemone Fish
This fish lives its entire adult life among the tentacles of a bulb- tentacle sea anemone. Anemone fish do not get stung by the anemone as would most other fish so they get protection from predators. The fish often drop food scraps which the anemones can eat.
mutualism
What symbiotic relationship is this?

14. COMMENSALISM
Is a relationship between the host and symbiont, where the symbiont benefits and the host is neither helped nor harmed.
The symbiont benefits by receiving transportation, housing, and/or nutrition.
For example, in the photo above the symbiont barnacles receive transportation from the host whale. The host whale is neither helped nor harmed by the barnacles.

15. Organism One Organism Two
Commensalism
Organism One Organism Two

16. What symbiotic relationship is this?
Clown Fish & Anemone
This clown fish swims in the anemone and gets protection, since its predators will get stung. The anemone is unaffected.
What symbiotic relationship is this?
commensalism

17. Review Time

18. In this photo the “cleaner fish” receives nourishment by dining off of the parasites and remaining food debris in the eel’s mouth. Is this an example of…
PARASITISM
MUTUALISM
COMMENSALISM

19. PARASITISM MUTUALISM COMMENSALISM
Clownfish are frequently found in the tentacles of sea anemones. Sea anemones capture their prey by paralyzing them with their tentacles. However, the clownfish produces a mucus that prevents the tentacles from harming it. By dwelling amongst the tentacles the clownfish receives a protected home. This relationship is an example of …
PARASITISM
MUTUALISM
COMMENSALISM

20. PARASITISM MUTUALISM COMMENSALISM
Lampreys are primitive fish with limited digestive systems. They attach to and feed on the body fluids of fish with more advanced digestive systems, often leading to the death of the host fish. This relationship is an example of…
PARASITISM
MUTUALISM
COMMENSALISM

21. Orchids grow on the branches of high trees
Orchids grow on the branches of high trees. These orchids get more water and sunlight than those on the ground. The tree is unaffected by the orchid’s presence. This relationship is an example of…
PARASITISM
MUTUALISM
COMMENSALISM

22. The birds in the picture are munching on tiny parasitic insects located on the rhino. The relationship between the birds and the rhino is an example of…
PARASITISM
MUTUALISM
COMMENSALISM

23. Moray Eel & Cleaner Fish
This moray eel has a small fish cleaning between its teeth. The eel gets a clean mouth while the cleaner fish gets a nice meal.
mutualism
What symbiotic relationship is this?

24. What symbiotic relationship is this?
Cattle & Cattle Egrets
As these cattle walk around eating grass they stir up lots of insects. The egrets hang around and get a yummy meal of insects.
What symbiotic relationship is this?
commensalism

25. What symbiotic relationship is this?
Boxer Crab & Anemones
This Boxer Crab carries a pair of stinging anemones in its claws, which it uses to defend itself from predators. The anemones get to move around which increases their food supply.
mutualism
What symbiotic relationship is this?

26. What symbiotic relationship is this?
Antelope & Ox Bird
This ox bird hangs out on the antelope and gets a delicious meal of bugs living on the antelope. The antelope gets rid of parasites.
What symbiotic relationship is this?
mutualism

27. What symbiotic relationship is this?
Shark & Remora
The remora attaches itself to the shark and saves energy since it doesn’t have to swim, and it gets to snack on the sharks kills. The shark doesn’t get anything.
commensalism
What symbiotic relationship is this?

28. What symbiotic relationship is this?
Loa Loa Worm & Human
This worm infects human the blood stream and gets a nice warm safe home there. The human may go blind or have other complications as a result.
What symbiotic relationship is this?
parasitism

29. Goby and Alpheid Shrimp
This alpheid shrimp (on
the right) uses its strong claws like a bulldozer to create a burrow in the sand. The shrimp is nearly blind. It relies upon its partner, the sharp-eyed goby, to warn of danger. When a potential predator approaches, both animals disappear quickly into the burrow
mutualism
What symbiotic relationship is this?

30. Wrasse & Batfish Can you see the two cleaner wrasses are
removing parasites from a batfish? One of the wrasses has entered the gill slit of the batfish, and may even enter its
mouth in search of food. The batfish gets a bath and the wrasse gets a meal.
What symbiotic relationship is this?
mutualism

31. Emperor Shrimp & Sea Cucumber
This tiny emperor shrimp is riding along on the back of a sea cucumber (a long worm-like starfish relative) while it crawls along a sandy bottom. The shrimp gets to travel around under the protection of its much larger partner, and the sea cucumber doesn't seem to mind.
commensalism
What symbiotic relationship is this?

32. Hummingbird Moth & Flower
mutualism
This hummingbird moth is drinking the nectar of a flower. The flower gets pollinated (the moth brings pollen from other flowers) and the moth gets a tasty meal.
What symbiotic relationship is this?