1. Adolescences development physical cognitive social
Learning Target: I will be able to explain biological, social, view of self, and cognitive development of adolescent

2. ADOLESCENCE How do we change from age 12 to 20?
How does the media portray adolescence?
How is your adolescence different than my adolescence?

3. Is adolescence getting longer or shorter?

5. Physical Changes
Puberty: the period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing.
Hormones can make you unpredictable. Crying or getting angry.
Teens express depression with ANGER!!!
Growth spurt
Begins about age 10½ in girls and about 12½ in boys
Sexual development
Primary (reproductive) vs. Secondary (non- reproductive) sexual characteristics
Spermarche
Boys first ejaculation.
Menarche
First menstrual period for girls

6. Boys and Girls physical maturation
Adolescents who experience early-onset puberty are not really finished being children when their bodies are thrust into puberty.
girls early maturation
boys late maturation
How would you explain this gender difference?
These differences arise from society's belief & expectations about what behaviors are appropriate for males & females.
Studies indicate that girls that develop faster tend to have higher self esteem problems.
Ashamed of her developing sexuality
Source and preserver of the family
View with suspicion
Physically mature boys appear to be more competent achievers, better able to meet society's expectations for males.
Some studies indicate that early maturation propels females to socialize with older, more physically mature adolescents. These relationships make the early-maturing females more susceptible to sexual pressure and deviant behaviors. 

7. Understanding the Adolescent Brain
(Blakemore & Choudhury, 2006)
Frontal lobe is not full developed until 25 years
Explains inability to delay gratification; impulse control
Lead to teenage conformity
Scientists know that low levels of serotonin can lead to mood swings and aggressive behavior
A higher level of dopamine can cause individuals to seek out more exciting and dangerous experiences
Executive function=capacity that allows coordination of thoughts and behaviors—selective attention, decision making, voluntary response inhibition and working memory
e.g. allows you to filter out unimportant information, holding in mind a plan to carry out in the future and inhibiting impulses
PREFRONTAL CORTEX
Involved in multiple aspects of cognitive processing
It’s a proposed mediator of behavioral planning and reasoning, attentional processes, impulsivity and response inhibition
Given this the contention is that some adol who experiment with ATOD may not be able to moderate their impulsivity—and consider alternative behavioral choices and consequences—or to inhibit a response

8. How do these change affect teens?
Adolescents are uniquely vulnerable to risk taking
Novelty & sensation seeking increase dramatically at puberty
Development of self-regulation lags behind
Risk taking as group behavior (Steinberg, 2004)
Frequently sleep longer - 9 1/2 hours
Concern if not physically developing at same rate as peers - need to “fit” in (early vs. late maturation)
Feel awkward about showing affection to opposite sex parent
Ask more direct questions about sex - trying to figure out values around sex
We have historically tried to understand adol risk taking by focusing on their decision making process
Results show that risk perception and appraisal change very little between adolescence and adulthood
In laboratory settings, adolescents appear quite similar to adults in their decision making process
Flaws in methods-
Give hypothetical scenarios which negates emotional element
Study adol individually, but risk behavior tends to occur in groups
Steinberg (2004) suggests that “the greater propensity for adolescents to take risks is not due to age differences in risk perception or appraisal, but to age differences in psychosocial factors that influence self-regulation”
Adolescents is a heightened vulnerability to risk taking because of a disjunction between novelty and sensation seeking (both of which increase dramatically at puberty) and the development of self-regulatory competence (which does not fully mature until early adulthood) which is biologically driven and normative.
Interventions should aim to reduce the harm associated with risk taking

10. Quick review questionsa b c d

11. Quick review questions

12. II. Cognitive Development
Advanced Reasoning Skills
Abstract Thinking Skills
Dr. David Elkind’s Adolescences Problem

13. Have the ability to reason
The reasoning is self-focused. Assume that their experiences are unique.
Imaginary audience – delusion that everyone is focused on them
Personal fable – belief that s/he is unique
Egocentrism

14. How Do These Changes Affect Teens?
Heightened self-consciousness
Believes no one else has experienced feelings/emotions
Tend to become cause-oriented
Tend to exhibit a “justice orientation”
“It can’t happen to me” syndrome

16. Identity and Social Development

17. Identity: Asking "Who Am I?"
Teens focus on wondering “Who am I?” and “Where do I belong in the world?”
Trying out different roles
WHY??
Realize the importance of establishing self in society, and shaping their individuality

18. Self Concept: Refining Self Perceptions
Self concept broadens during adolescence to include both one's own assessment of who you are and also includes others' views.
The view of self becomes more organized and coherent.
Adolescents can look at themselves in terms of traits and can see multiple aspects of themselves (which can be confusing at first).
Self-Esteem: how you feel about yourself
During adolescence, teens become increasingly accurate in understanding who they are (they develop their self concept)
The increase in self-concept does not mean that they like themselves any better (self esteem may still be low)

20. Relationships During the Teen Years: Family
Family relationships change during when adolescents begin to question, and sometimes rebel, against their parents' views.
One reason: shift in roles (especially the quest for adulthood and autonomy (independence) by people that were considered children until recently!)
Changing Views of Parents
As teens become older, they feel more like separate individuals, & view their parents in less idealized terms.

21. impacting teen development: Peer pressure and decisions
Some teens are highly susceptible to peer pressure!
PEER PRESSURE is the influence of one's peers to conform to their behavior and attitudes.
Leads to conformity
When making decisions, adolescents turn to those whom they consider to be "experts" in that field or problem area.
Social decisions (what to wear, who to date, etc. ) they depend on peers
Non social matters (job/college info, etc.) they are more likely to ask an experienced adult