1. KEY CONCEPT Physical development continues through adolescence and declines with age.

2. Birth occurs in three stages.
Stage one of birth is the dilation of the cervix. Contractions (oxytocin) push cervix open (10 cm or 4 in.) Amniotic sac breaks and leaks amniotic fluid (water broke)
if cervix dilates too little, C-section (Cesarean)
33% of all deliveries in U.S. in 2011 were C-section
STAGE 1
As regular, strong contractions occur,
the cervix dilates and the baby turns.

3. Stage two is the emergence of the baby.
baby usually born headfirst. Breech – feet first
oxytocin stimulates milk production (lactation)
Colostrum – yellowish fluid released prior to milk
contains antibodies from mother
STAGE 2
The baby is pushed through the cervix
and out of the vaginal canal.

4. Stage three is the expulsion of the placenta.
placenta detaches from uterine wall (afterbirth)
contractions helps control bleeding
Cut umbilical cord - bellybutton (navel)
STAGE 3
Contractions continue, expelling the
placenta and helping to control bleeding.

5. Human growth and aging also occur in stages.
Genetics, hormones, lifestyle, environment affect all stages.
Key hormones – thyroxin, estrogen,
testosterone, human growth hormone HGH
During INFANCY, (birth to age 2)
growth is rapid
1st birthday – tripled weight, grown 10 in.
During CHILDHOOD (2-12 yrs. old)
motor and language skills develop
Grow about 3 inches and 6 lbs. per year

6. Genetics, hormones, lifestyle, environment affect all stages.
During Puberty, sexual maturity begins
Girls – yrs. old
Boys – yrs. old
Can grow up to 6 inches/year
Average is 2-3 inches.
During ADOLESCENCE (Sexual maturity), growth is rapid and the brain rewired
Growth ends at age 15 Girls and age 17 Boys
ADULTHOOD and marks the peak of skills and independence, raise families.

7. Aging is also affected by genetics, hormones, lifestyle, environment.
Effects of aging can be reduced with good diet, exercise, and continued learning.
Jerry Peel at age 1 1/2
Jerry Peel at age 17
Jerry Peel at age 71