1. The American Pageant
Chapter 31 Part A
The War to End War

2. Europe conflict Serb patriot killed heir to the Austria-Hungary throne
Germany and Austria-Hungary sent message to Serbia
Serbia backed by Russia set eyes on Germany
Germany attacked France through Belgium
Great Britain joined with France
Gavrilo Princip
Archduke Francis Ferdinand

3. Europe Before WWI

5. American Neutrality Both central and allied powers wanted US help
Allies – German atrocities
Central – relied on German-Americans
Americans anti-German
Against Kaiser Wilhelm II

7. American Economy In recession before WWI
British and French need for product
J.P Morgan loaned 2.3 billion
Central powers complained
Did not violate neutrality laws
Could still trade with US
British blockade

8. German Reaction
1915 –Germany announces submarine war area around British isles
U-boats
90 ships sunk in first few months
“try not to sink neutral ships”

9. Lusitania Passenger ship Sank of Ireland on May 7, 1915
1,198 killed (128 Americans)
Germans argued ship carried ammunition

10. Wilson’s Reaction Warning to Germany
Agreed in 1915 to not sink unarmed ships without warning
Violated with sinking of Sussex in 1916
Sussex ultimatum
Germany would not attack passenger ships
Accepted by Wilson
U.S. would help to remove British blockade
Not agreed upon

11. Election of 1916 Wilson: “He Kept us Out of War”
Roosevelt refused to run as a progressive
Republican’s nominate Hughes
Pro-business; attacked Wilson’s foreign policy

12. Woodrow Wilson
January 22, 1917
Neutral rights
“Peace without victory”

13. Move to War
January 31, 1917 – Germnay declares unrestricted submarine warfare
Wilson still wanted peace
March 1, Zimmerman note
German-Mexican alliance
Recovery of TX, NM, and AZ
4 unarmed US ships sunk in March

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15. War!! Declared on April 6th, 1917
“to make the world safe for democracy”

16. Wilson’s Potent Fourteen Points
Jan 8, 1918
Abolish secret treaties
Freedom of the seas
Economic freedom
Reduction of arms
End of colonization
The freedom of self-determination
Formation of an international organization for collective security

17. Committee on Public Information
Created by George Creel
Gain support of America through propaganda
“four minute men” – patriotic speeches
Posters, pamphlets, and movies

18. Anti-German Sentiment
8 million German-Americans
The Espionage Act of 1917 and the Sedition Act of 1918-curbed the right to free speech
Eugene V. Debs convicted under the Espionage Act. 
Schenck v. United States (1919): freedom of speech could be revoked when such speech posed a danger to the nation.
The war years were tough times on civil liberties

19. Economy Overwhelmingly not ready for war
Civilian Council of National Defense
to study problems of economic mobilization
increased the size of the army
created a shipbuilding program.
War Industries Board
Control production, wages, and prices of goods
disbanded after the end of the war.

20. Herbert Hoover and the FDA
Wheatless Wednesdays
Meatless Tuesdays
Alcohol manufacturing slowed
18th amendment (1919)
$21 billion raised