1. Versailles, Liberal Democracy, and the Rise of Fascism

2. Transformations at Home
Women and Work
Labor and Political Power

3. The Final Phases of the War
Rebellions in Germany
Armistice
Irresponsible Peace, Revolutions and Counter Revolutions
Freikorps and Spartacists

4. Treaty of Versailles German War Guilt Article 231 – War Guilt Clause
New Nations
League of Nations
Inflation
Interwar Legacies

5. Treaty of Versailles German War Guilt Article 231 – War Guilt Clause
New Nations
League of Nations
Inflation
Interwar Legacies

6. Modern Political Ideologies
Newly Enfranchised Citizens
Active Veterans Groups
War Memorials
New Politics: Liberal Democracy, Communism, Fascism all promise a fair society
The New Political Geography

7. Competing Ideologies
Liberal Parliamentary Democracy
Communism
Fascism

8. 1. Liberal Democracy – Weimar Republic
New Constitutions for New States
--National Self Determination
--The Rule of Law
--Health, Welfare, Family, and Social Security
Major Limitations of the New Democracies
--Time of Crises
--No Consensus
--Confrontation rather than Consensus

9. 2. Illiberalism Democracy as too Bourgeois
Depression and Immediate Needs
Attacks on Democracy from Right and Left
Minorities and Nations
Crisis of Capitalism

10. Fascism in Italy Fascist Ideology Benito Mussolini Syndicalism
Populist Organization
Legal Rise to Power
Duce

11. Fascism in Italy Fascist Ideology Benito Mussolini Syndicalism
Populist Organization
Legal Rise to Power
Duce

12. Fascism in Italy Fascist Ideology Benito Mussolini Syndicalism
Populist Organization
Legal Rise to Power
Duce

13. Fascism in Italy Fascist Ideology Benito Mussolini Syndicalism
Populist Organization
Legal Rise to Power
Duce

14. The Theory behind Mussolini’s Fascism
Violent Confrontation
The State
Who likes it? Who benefits?
Fascism is Revolutionary
It is also Nationalist and Imperialist

15. Fascist Organization The uses of history The Corporate State
Youth Organizations
Finances and the Military
Women