1. Modern & Smart Materials

2. Modern Material
A MODERN MATERIAL is a material that has been designed for a specific purpose or need.

3. Modern Materials
Modern materials are those that are continually being developed through the invention of new or improved processes
Examples include:-
Teflon
Fibre Optics
Neoprene
Paperfoam
Cornstarch Polymers
Lyocell
Nano Technology
Synthetic micro fibres
Lycra blends
Polartec
Composite materials
Cellular materials
Carbon & Kevlar fibre
Maplex
Fibre Optics
Mountain Boots made from Synthetic Micro Fibres
Neoprene Laptop Cover
Teflon film on Photovoltaic Units
Helmet made from Carbon/Kevlar fibre

4. Micro fibres
Extremely fine synthetic fibres, mainly polyester and polyamide
They are very lightweight,
Soft and drape well
Used for a variety of clothing products
Often blended with natural fibres to give high performance fabrics for outdoor and sports use.
TACTEL-is a polyamide microfibre
TENCEL-is a regenerated mircofibre classed as LYOCELLS

5. Kevlar heat-resistant and strong
They are used in aerospace and military applications, for ballistic rated body armour fabric and ballistic composites, in bicycle tires, and as an asbestos substitute
good resistance to abrasion
good resistance to organic solvents
low flammability, no melting point, degradation starts from 500°C

6. Gortex
Waterproof breathable fabric is engineered to handle two tasks simultaneously: repel precipitation and release perspiration vapor.
Blocks wind
Only used with synthetics-naturals absorb but the moisture can go back onto the skin
Used in tents and waterproof walking gear.
Wound care- creates a barrier that stop moisture going back onto the skin but allows the skin to breathe

7. Smart materials
A SMART MATERIAL is a material that reacts and changes to the environment around them.

8. Smart Materials
Smart materials have one or more properties/features that can respond to external stimuli, such as stress, light, temperature, moisture, pH, electric or magnetic fields and return to there original state when the stimuli is removed.
Examples include:-
Shape memory alloys
Polymorph
Thermochromic Materials
Photochromic Materials
Phosphorescent Materials

9. Colour Changing Kettles
Smart: Thermochromic Materials
Thermochromic liquid crystals can be incorporated into special ink and printed onto different surfaces such as plastic, paper, textiles and ceramics. They respond to heat by changing colour at specific temperatures. Thermo = Heat, Chromic = Colour
Examples include:-
Kettles
Thermometers
Battery Testers
Heat Sensitive Ceramics
Heat Sensitive Paper
Clothing
Thermochromic
Ceramics
Heat Sensitive fabric
Colour Changing Kettles
Thermometers
Colour Changing Postage Stamps
Battery Tester
Heat Responsive Mugs

10. Smart: Photochromic Materials
Photochromic pigments reacts
to bright light (Ultra Violet).
Photochromic lenses are light sensitive lenses that darken on exposure to U V light, protecting the user’s eyes from harmful radiation.
This T-shirt uses Photochromic inks for decoration
purposes. Special pigments change colour when
exposed to solar light and reverse back to clear
when the light source is removed.
Bike helmet with a Photochromic Safety Visor

11. Smart: Phosphorescent Materials
Phosphorescent pigments have been applied to fabric which glow in the dark.
A cordless glow in the dark lamp made from a phosphorescent light bulb embedded in a block of acrylic. It is very energy efficient as it requires no electricity. Phosphorescent pigments absorb light during the day and then glow at night.
Phosphorescent inks
enable us to see clocks, watches and signs in the dark.
Phosphorescent
plastic used in children‘s bedrooms captures light energy and releases it
slowly, glowing in the dark.

12. Microencapsulation
A way to insert, fragrances, antibacterial substances into fibres
Capsules are broken through friction and release the scent, or chemical
You can insert moisturisers into tights to condition the skin, or caffeine to prevent tired legs
Facemasks at hospitals may have it in to prevent germs spreading, in fabric conditioners,
Embedded into designer clothes

16. What do you know?? Smart materials?
Micro encapsulated fibres are used in......?
Anti bacterial textiles
Phosphorescent textiles

17. Photochromatic dyes respond to changes in UV light
Thermochromatic dyes respond to changes in temperature
Reflective finishes include reflective yarns, inks and coatings

18. Toy safety The CE Symbol
Toys must have this on them by law. It indicates the toy meets the European Toy Safety Directive. This is aimed at Trading Standards and tells them the toy is allowed to be sold in Europe. It is less relevant to the average consumer and doesn’t necessarily indicate quality and safety for the consumer.
The Lion Mark
Developed by the British Toy and Hobby Association as a symbol of toy safety and quality. It can only be used by members of the BTHA. This is a voluntary symbol.
Age Appropriate Labels
One of the principles of the Lion Mark scheme is that toys are used by children of an appropriate age. This symbol indicates the toy is not suitable for a child under 3 e.g. because of a choke or suffocation hazard.
The Kitemark
Some toys also carry the British Standards Institute Kitemark. This indicates the toy has been independently tested and complies with BS EN 71.

19. Toy safety tests
Click on the pictures to the left to watch videos that show how toys are tested for safety.

20. Task
On your final design idea, add in a safety label showing the relevant information symbols
Add two smart materials to your product
Give reasons for your choice
Add a chemical finish to your product