1. Chapter 16 Nationalism Around the World

2. Lesson 1 Nationalism in the Middle East
Chapter 16
Lesson 1
Nationalism in the Middle East

3. Decline of the Ottoman Empire
• During the 1800s, the Ottoman Empire lost its territory in Northern Africa and much of its territory in Europe.
• In 1876 reformers set up a constitutional monarchy, but the sultan suspended the constitution.
• In 1908 reformers called the Young Turks restored the constitution but failed to stabilize the government.
• During World War I, Arabia declared its independence from Ottoman rule, and Britain seized Palestine from the Ottomans.

4. Lesson 2 Nationalism in Africa and Asia
Chapter 16
Lesson 2
Nationalism in Africa and Asia

5. African Independence Leaders
Country
Accomplishments
Léopold Senghor
Senegal
Organized independence movement in Senegal
Omar Mukhtar
Libya
Used guerrilla warfare against Italy
Jomo Kenyatta
Kenya
Educated in Britain; argued that Britain was destroying African culture
Nnamdi Azikiwe
Nigeria
Began a newspaper and encouraged nonviolence in seeking independence

6. Two Paths Toward Indian Independence
Mohandas K. Gandhi
Jawaharlal Nehru
Style of nationalism
Religious,
pro-Indian, traditional approach
Secular,
pro-Western,
modern approach
Tactics for achieving independence
Called for civil disobedience: peaceful refusal to obey unjust laws
Intellectual approach to achieving independence
Example of approach
Led “Salt March” to protest British policies regarding salt
Led 1929 meeting of Indian National Congress that called for complete independence from Britain

7. Lesson 3 Revolutionary Chaos in China
Chapter 16
Lesson 3
Revolutionary Chaos in China

8. Spread of Marxism in Asia
Roles of the Comintern and Ho Chi Minh:
• Comintern, or Communist International, was organized in Russia in 1919 to advance Communist revolutions around the world.
o Trained agents in Moscow and sent them back to their home countries to form Communist parties
o Achieved greatest successes in China and French Indochina
• In French Indochina, Ho Chi Minh organized Vietnamese Communists in the 1920s

9. Chiang Kai-shek's Attempts at Reform
• Started massive road-building project
• Repaired and extended China's railroad system
• Opened new factories
• Established national bank
• Improved education system
• Started unsuccessful land-reform program

10. Nationalist-Communist Alliance

11. Rise of Militarism in Japan
• Economic hardships after World War I lead to calls for a return from Western practices to Japanese traditions.
• Extremist patriotic groups form in early 1930s.
• Pressure grows to obtain raw materials by seizing territory abroad.
• Group of army officers successfully invade Manchuria without government approval.
• Strong popular support for military successes leads to gain in power for military.
• With support of emperor, Japan is put on wartime status, and military draft law is passed.

12. Lesson 4 Nationalism in Latin America
Chapter 16
Lesson 4
Nationalism in Latin America