1. Types of Muscle Tissues

2. Characteristics of ALL Muscle Cells
Changes--
_________________________
Respond to stimuli with electrical changes_________________
2 Purposes– more than a local electrical change; leading to muscle contraction
Consequences– of muscles
____________ –shortens when stimulated; pull on bones and other tissues
____________ -- capable of being stretched; in other cells—
____________-- returns to its original resting length after being stretched

3. There are 3 types of muscle tissue:  _________

4. Classification of Muscle Cells
______________________
striated have a banded appearance (stripes)
_______________or multinucleated cells
voluntarily (consciously) or
involuntarily (automatically)

5. Skeletal Muscle Tissue

6. Cardiac Muscle Tissue

7. Smooth Muscle Tissue

8. Review What You’ve Learned…
Muscle Type
Striated?
# of nuclei
Voluntary or Involuntary

9. Muscle Fiber Anatomy

10. Skeletal Muscles- Organs of skeletal muscle tissue - ___________________________________________
Muscular System- Includes only skeletal muscles Skeletal Muscle Structures
Muscle tissue (muscle cells or fibers)
Connective tissues
Nerves
Blood vessels

11. 6 Functions of Skeletal Muscles
___________________
Maintain body position and posture
_______________________
Guard body openings (entrance/exit)
______________________
Store Nutrient reserves

12. How is muscle tissue organized at the tissue level
How is muscle tissue organized at the tissue level? Organization of Connective Tissues
Figure 10–1

13. Organization of Connective Tissues
Muscles have 3 layers of connective tissues:
1. Epimysium-______________________
Connected to deep fascia
Separates muscle from surrounding tissue
2. perimysium- _______________________-(fascicles)
Contains blood vessel and nerve supply to fascicles
3. ___________

14. 3. Endomysium Surrounds individual muscle cells (muscle fibers)
__________________________________________________
Contains satellite cells (stem cells) that repair damage

15. Muscle Attachments
Endomysium, perimysium, and epimysium come together:
_________________
__________________________________________________________
i.e., tendon (bundle) or aponeurosis (sheet)

16. Nerves Skeletal muscles are voluntary muscles, controlled by nerves of the central nervous system
Blood Vessels
Muscles have extensive vascular systems that:
____________________
_____________________
carry away wastes

17. What are the characteristics of skeletal muscle fibers?
_______________________________
Figure 10–2

18. Skeletal Muscle Fibers
Are very long
Develop through fusion of mesodermal cells (myoblasts- embryonic cells))
_____________________
Contain hundreds of nuclei –_______________
Unfused cells are satellite cells- assist in repair after injury

19. Organization of Skeletal Muscle Fibers
Figure 10–3

20. The Sarcolemma The cell membrane of a muscle cell
Surrounds the sarcoplasm (cytoplasm of muscle fiber)
_____________________________________________________________
All regions of the cell must contract simultaneously

21. Transverse Tubules (T tubules)
_______________________________________________________________
Allow entire muscle fiber to contract simultaneously
Have same properties as sarcolemma
Filled with extracellular fluid

22. Myofibrils- 1-2um in diameter
Lengthwise subdivisions within muscle fiber
Made up of bundles of protein filaments (myofilaments)
Myofilaments - are responsible for muscle contraction
2 Types of Myofilaments
Thin filaments:
_____________________
Thick filaments:
____________________

23. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR)
A membranous structure surrounding each myofibril
__________________________________
Similar in structure to smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Forms chambers (terminal cisternae) attached to T tubules

24. A Triad
_______________________________________________________________
Cisternae
Concentrate Ca2+ (via ion pumps)
Release Ca2+ into sarcomeres to begin muscle contraction

25. Structural components of the Sarcomeres
-The contractile units of muscle
-Structural units of ____________
-Form visible patterns within myofibrils
Figure 10–4

26. Muscle Striations A striped or striated pattern within myofibrils:
alternating dark, thick filaments ________and light, thin filaments _________

27. M Lines and Z Lines M line: Z lines: Zone of Overlap
____________________
at midline of sarcomere
Z lines:
the centers of the I bands
_________________
Zone of Overlap
The densest, darkest area on a light micrograph
__________________

28. The H Zone
The area around the M line
_______________________________

29. Sarcomere Structure
Figure 10–5

30. Sarcomere Function
Transverse tubules encircle the sarcomere near zones of overlap
Ca2+ released by SR causes thin and thick filaments to interact

31. Level 1: ____________
Level 2: __________________
Figure 10–6 (1 of 5)

32. Level 4: _____________l
Figure 10–6 (3 of 5)

33. Level 5: ___________
Figure 10–6 (5 of 5)