1. Conditioning: ways in which we learn based upon an association between two events by repeated exposure
Classic and Operant

2. Classical Conditioning vs Operant Conditioning
a method of conditioning in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned, neutral stimulus
Pavlov’s Dogs
conditioning that results from actions and the consequences of those actions

3. Classical Conditioning 3.01
Unconditioned stimulus (UCS) – Trigger that is already there
event that naturally triggers a response
Unconditioned response (UCR)- Response that is already there
unlearned response to event
Neutral Stimulus (NS) – New item or thing that is triggering the original response.
The object with which the experimenter is trying to get a response. (The bell in Pavlov’s experiment.)
Conditioned stimulus (CS) – Item or situation that is taught to trigger a response.
neutral stimulus becomes the conditioned stimulus
Conditioned response (CR)- Learned response
response to event brought about by learning/association

4. Stimulus generalization
A response can spread to other stimuli that look similar
Baby Albert
Experiment that allowed a baby to take a response to one item and place it on other similar items

5. Operant Conditioning 3.02
What is motivating you?

6. Operant Conditioning: Learned behaviors
Edward Thorndike Law of Effect
Behaviors are learned.
The more quickly a response is given the quicker the behavior is learned.
Skinner box

7. Classical vs. Operant Conditioning
Classical conditioning-
automatic response associated with a neutral stimulus.
Operant conditioning-
the person or animal be actively engaged and respond.

8. Operant Conditioning and Reinforcement
Positive Reinforcement
Providing an incentive to repeat a positive behavior
Reward= encourage repetition of positive behavior
Negative Reinforcement
Goal to encourage positive behavior
Encourage behavior by taking AWAY something that is negative
Primary Reinforcement
Reinforcing with things that are necessary to survive – food, water etc…

9. Punishment is NOT reinforcement
Can change a person’s behavior
Difference from Reinforcement
Punishment eliminates a “bad” behavior, or weaken a response
Reinforcement gives incentive for a “good” behavior.

10. Conditioning terms and how long it will last:
Generalization—The tendency for similar stimuli to elicit similar responses (after the response has been conditioned)
Discrimination—The ability to tell the difference between two like events or objects (the reverse of generalization)
Extinction —When a response is no longer followed by reinforcement, the person or animal will lose the association between the two
Shaping—Successive reinforcement that gradually and successively reinforces a desired outcome
Chaining—Reinforcement by connecting different parts of the sequence