1. The 6 Simple Machines Screw Wedge Inclined Plane Pulley Wheel and Axle
Lever

2. Definitions: Energy: Work= Force: Ability to do work Force x Distance
A Push or a Pull
Ideal Mechanical Advantage: Mechanical advantage in a perfect world. (no friction,)
Actual Mechanical Advantage: is the force that a machine can multiply while subtracting losses from the machine having to overcome friction.

3. Inclined Plane

4. Inclined Plane
The Egyptians used simple machines to build the pyramids. One method was to build a very long incline out of dirt that rose upward to the top of the pyramid very gently. The blocks of stone were placed on large logs (another type of simple machine - the wheel and axle) and pushed slowly up the long, gentle inclined plane to the top of the pyramid.

5. Inclined Planes
An inclined plane is a flat surface that is higher on one end
Inclined planes make the work of moving things easier
A sloping surface, such as a ramp. An inclined plane can be used to alter the effort and distance involved in doing work, such as lifting loads. The trade-off is that an object must be moved a longer distance than if it was lifted straight up, but less force is needed. You can use this machine to move an object to a lower or higher place.  Inclined planes make the work of moving things easier.  You would need less energy and force to move objects with an inclined plane. 

6. Work input and output
Work input is the amount of work done on a machine.
Input force x input distance
Work output is the amount of work done by a machine.
Output force x output distance
Wout = Win
Fout x Dout = Fin x Din
10N x 3m = 2N x 15m
Din
15 m
Dout
3 m
Fin
10 N

7. Calculate the efficiency of ths Machine
1200n of force are used to push a lever down 1.3m.
The lever raises a 1450-N boulder 0.4m.

8. Inclined Plane - Mechanical Advantage
The mechanical advantage of an inclined plane is equal to the length of the slope divided by the height of the inclined plane.
While the inclined plane produces a mechanical advantage, it does so by increasing the distance through which the force must move.

9. Screw
The mechanical advantage of an screw can be calculated by dividing the circumference by the pitch of the screw.
Pitch equals 1/ number of turns per inch.

10. Wedges Two inclined planes joined back to back.
Wedges are used to split things.

11. Wedge – Mechanical Advantage
The mechanical advantage of a wedge can be found by dividing the length of either slope (S) by the thickness (T) of the big end. S
As an example, assume that the length of the slope is 10 inches and the thickness is 4 inches. The mechanical advantage is equal to 10/4 or 2 1/2. As with the inclined plane, the mechanical advantage gained by using a wedge requires a corresponding increase in distance. T

12. First Class Lever
Fulcrum is between EF (effort) and RF (load) Effort moves farther than Resistance. Multiplies EF and changes its direction The mechanical advantage of a lever is the ratio of the length of the lever on the applied force side of the fulcrum to the length of the lever on the resistance force side of the fulcrum.

13. First Class Lever .
Common examples of first-class levers include crowbars, scissors, pliers, tin snips and seesaws.

14. Second Class Lever
RF (load) is between fulcrum and EF Effort moves farther than Resistance. Multiplies EF, but does not change its direction The mechanical advantage of a lever is the ratio of the distance from the applied force to the fulcrum to the distance from the resistance force to the fulcrum.

15. Second Class Lever
Examples of second-class levers include nut crackers, wheel barrows, doors, and bottle openers.

16. Third Class Lever
EF is between fulcrum and RF (load) Does not multiply force Resistance moves farther than Effort. Multiplies the distance the effort force travels The mechanical advantage of a lever is the ratio of the distance from the applied force to the fulcrum to the distance of the resistance force to the fulcrum

17. Third Class Lever
Examples of third-class levers include tweezers, arm hammers, and shovels.

18. Pulleys
A basic pulley comprises of a wheel on a fixed axle, with a groove along the edges to guide a rope or cable.
Load = the weight of an object
Effort = the amount of force required to lift or move this object.
Mechanical advantage is calculated by counting the amount of ropes that support moveable pulleys.
(These are the IMA)

19. How to Calculate Actual Mechanical Advatage
Basic Pulley System
Write down the following equation: F (force) = M (mass) x A (acceleration), which is given by Newton's second law assuming there is no friction and the pulley's mass is neglected. Newton's third law says that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction, so the total force of the system F will equal the force in the rope or T (tension) + G (force of gravity) pulling at the load. In a basic pulley system, if you exert a force greater than the mass, your mass will accelerate up, causing the F to be negative. If the mass accelerates down, F will be positive.
Calculate the tension in the rope with the calculator using the following equation: T = M x A. Four example, if you are trying to find T in a basic pulley system with an attached mass of 9g accelerating upwards at 2m/s² than T = 9g x 2m/s² = 18gm/s² or 18N (newtons).
Calculate the force caused by gravity on the basic pulley system using the following equation: G = M x n (gravitational acceleration). The gravitational acceleration is a constant equal to 9.8 m/s². The mass M = 9g, so G = 9g x 9.8 m/s² = 88.2gm/s², or 88.2 newtons.
Insert the tension and gravitational force you just calculated into the original equation: -F = T + G = 18N N = 106.2N. The force is negative because the object in the pulley system is accelerating upwards. The negative from the force is moved over to the solution so F= N.

20. Diagrams of Pulleys Fixed pulley: Movable Pulley:
A fixed pulley changes the direction of a force; however, it does not create a mechanical advantage.
Movable Pulley:
The mechanical advantage of a moveable pulley is equal to the number of ropes that support the moveable pulley.

21. COMBINED PULLEY
The effort needed to lift the load is less than half the weight of the load.
The main disadvantage is it travels a very long distance. 
Combination of a fixed pulley and a moveable pulley.
Each rope if putting in the same amount of effort to life the weight.

22. WHEEL AND AXEL
A simple machine consisting of an axle to which a wheel is fastened so that torque applied to the wheel winds a rope or chain onto the axle,
mechanical advantage is equal to the ratio of the diameter of the wheel to that of the axle.

23. Wheel and Axel
The mechanical advantage of a wheel and axle is the ratio of the radius of the wheel to the radius of the axle.
In the wheel and axle illustrated above, the radius of the wheel is five times larger than the radius of the axle. Therefore, the mechanical advantage is 5:1 or 5. 5 1

24. GEARS-Wheel and Axel
a gear is a simple machine with teeth that increases the force needed to push or pull something.

25. Rube Goldberg Machines
Rube Goldberg machines are examples of complex machines.
All complex machines are made up of combinations of simple machines.
Rube Goldberg machines are usually a complicated combination of simple machines.
By studying the components of Rube Goldberg machines, we learn more about simple machines

26. Safety Device for Walking on Icy Pavements
When you slip on ice, your foot kicks paddle (A),
lowering finger (B), snapping turtle (C) extends neck
to bite finger, opening ice tongs (D) and dropping pillow (E),
thus allowing you to fall on something soft.

27. Squeeze Orange Juice Rube Goldberg Machine