1. Valence electrons and properties
The part of the atom another atom sees is the outside orbitals.
The outside orbital electron configuration repeats.
The properties of atoms repeat.

2. H 1 Li 3 Na 11 K 19 Rb 37 Cs 55 Fr 87
1s1
1s22s1
1s22s22p63s1
1s22s22p63s23p64s1
1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s1
1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s24d10 5p66s1
1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s24d105p66s24f145d106p67s1

3. 1s2
1s22s22p6
1s22s22p63s23p6
1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p6
1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s24d105p6
1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s24d10 5p66s24f145d106p6 He 2 Ne 10 Ar 18 Kr 36 Xe 54 Rn 86

4. S- block s1 s2 Alkali metals all end in s1
Alkaline earth metals all end in s2

5. Transition Metals -d block

6. The P-block p1 p2 p3 p4 p6 p5

7. F - block f1 f5 f2 f3 f4 f6 f7 f8 f9 f10 f11 f12 f14 f13
inner transition elements f1 f5 f2 f3 f4 f6 f7 f8 f9
f10
f11
f12
f14
f13

8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Period number represents the highest energy level (n) occupied by the electrons.

9. d orbitals fill up after previous energy level, so first d is 3d even though it’s in row 4.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 3d

10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 4f 5f
f orbitals start filling at 4f