1. Intro to Macromolecules
Ms. Bush/Ms. Cohen
Biology
Fall 2011

2. What is a biomolecule?
A biomolecule is any molecule that is produced by a living organism. Examples include ATP, sugars, pheromones, formic acid, and urea.

3. What is a macromolecule?
A macromolecule is a very large molecule that is commonly created by polymerization. The four main macromolecules are nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and carbohydrates.

4. Nucleic Acids
There are 5 main nucleic acids. Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Uracil
Nucleic acids make up deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)
DNA and RNA are important information containing molecules in living organisms

5. Nucleic Acids in DNA Adenine and Thymine Cytosine and Guanine
These molecules are held together by hydrogen bonds

6. Nucleic Acids in RNA In RNA, uracil replaces thymine
Adenine and Uracil
Cytosine and Guanine
Hydrogen bonds hold molecules together
Adenine Uracil

7. Nucleic Acids form Polymers

8. Proteins Proteins are comprised of 20 different amino acids
Many proteins act as enzymes which speed up biochemical reactions like digestion
Proteins have complex and specific shapes

9. Proteins form polymers with complexs structures

10. lactase

11. Antibodies are also proteins
Antigen
Antibodies

12. Lipids Lipids are long chains of non-polar hydrogen and carbon chains
Lipids are also know as fats, waxes, and oils
Lipids are important energy and structural molecules

14. Fun Slide
Lipids form membranes that provide structures for cells and other cellular structures
They assemble based on the polar and non-polar parts of the molecule
Some snake venoms disrupt lipids and cause cells to burst and the organism to die

15. Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates (sugars) are comprised of oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon
Carbohydrates have many hydroxyl groups
Carbohydrates are important energy molecules for living organisms

16. Carbohydrate Polymers

17. Fun Slide
Bacteria have cell walls that have a layer of sugar molecules linked together
This layer is called peptidoglycan. It protects the bacteria from invaders.
Many antibiotics target peptidoglycan.