1. Macromolecules

2. Carbon-Based Molecules
Building block of life
Can form covalent bonds with up to four atoms
Can be a straight or branched chain or ring structure
Monomer—individual subunit in a polymer
Polymer—a molecule that contains many monomers bonded together

3. The types of macromolecules:
NUCLEIC ACIDS
CARBOHYDRATES
LIPIDS
PROTEINS

4. Carbohydrates
Carbohydrate—a molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and includes sugars and starches
Function: used as a main source of energy
Monomer: monosaccharides

5. Carbohydrates Polysaccharides Starch—plants storage form of glucose
Glycogen—animal storage form of glucose
Cellulose—compose plant cell walls
Starch
Cellulose

6. Lipids
Lipid—a nonpolar molecule that includes fats, oils, and cholesterol
Function: Used for long term energy storage, insulation & protection, build cell membranes
Monomer:
Fatty acids—chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms

7. Lipids Two types: Saturated Unsaturated Comes from animals
Usually solid at room temperature
Unsaturated
Comes from plants
Usually liquid at room temperature

8. Proteins Protein—a polymer made of monomers called amino acid
Function:
Support structure (hair, cell membranes, etc.)
Increase reaction rates (enzymes)
Send messages (hormones)

9. Proteins Monomer: 20 different amino acids to make up all proteins
Amino acid—molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur
20 different amino acids to make up all proteins

10. Nucleic Acids
Nucleic acid—polymer that is made up of monomers called nucleotides
Function: Used to store and transmit genetic information

11. Nucleic Acids Monomer: nucleotide Two types: RNA & DNA
A phosphate group
nitrogen-containing molecule, called a base
deoxyribose (sugar)

12. References
Most information from Biology, McDougal Littell (2008)