1. Macromolecules Vocabulary Prefixes: 1. mono- means “one”
2. di- means “two”
3. pol-y means “more than two” or “many”
What is the difference between mono-, di-, and poly-?

2. Macromolecules There are 4 major kinds of macromolecules:
Carbohydrates
-Also known as polysaccharides (means “many sugars”) which is made up of monosaccharides
-Saccharides = sugar
-Mainly used to provide energy for living things
Ex: glucose (a monosaccharide)
-Often rings, or chains of rings
What do you think a mono-saccharide is?

3. Macromolecules -carbohydrates are found in many different places
1. starch: energy for plants
2. glycogen: energy for animals
3. cellulose: structure for plants
4. chitin: structure for fungi and
arthropods
How are carbo-hydrates used in different organisms?

4. Macromolecules Lipids -Also known as fats and cholesterol
How might plants use lipids?
Lipids
-Also known as fats and cholesterol
-Used as protection and as a chemical message (like steroids and hormones)
-Made up of a base and fatty acid chains
-mostly long chains of carbon and hydrogen

5. Macromolecules Nucleic Acids -Many types: DNA, RNA, mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
Is it possible for a living thing to exist without DNA?
Nucleic Acids
-Many types: DNA, RNA, mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
-Used as the instructional manual for all cells – it tells cells what to do
-Made up of a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogen base
e.g. a nucleotide
-DNA has a double helix structure

6. Macromolecules Proteins
-Often used for chemical reactions in your body and in cells and for structure
-Made of amino acids
-Contain nitrogen
-Found in nails and hair (keratin) and cartilage (collagen)

7. Monomers of Macromolecules
Directions:
Draw each of the monomers below and identify them as a carbohydrate, a protein, a nucleic acid or a lipid monomer.