1. Macromolecules
Biology
Ms. Lew

2. Vocabulary Macromolecule Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic Acids Protein
Polymer
Monomer
Carbohydrates
Sugars
Monosaccharide
Polysaccharide
Starch
Lipids
Saturated fat
Unsaturated fat
Nucleic Acids
Protein
Amino Acid
Nucleotide
Phosphate

3. Organic Compounds Contain C
Carbon is special because it contains 4 valence electrons – giving it the ability to form MILLIONS of different compounds

4. Organic Compounds Contain C
WHY?? …
Carbon wants 8 electrons. So…
Carbon wants to form 4 covalent bonds to fill its outer orbital allowing for a large number of possible combinations

5. Organic Compounds Contain C
Carbon also likes to bond with other Carbon Atoms to form new structures

6. Carbon Chains

7. Carbon Ring

8. Macromolecule:
Giant molecule made of thousands of smaller molecules

9. A Polymer is:
Large molecule made of repeating subunits called monomers.

10. Why should we care about this
Why should we care about this? Our bodies contain this amount of each element:

11. What were the compounds in Group B? . . . Sugars and Carbo-hydrates

12. Carbohydrates Functions: Main source of energy
Elements: C, H, O
Building Blocks: Sugars (saccharides)
Functions: Main source of energy
Examples: sucrose, lactose, glucose, fructose.. Starch, cellulose, glycogen

13. Monosaccharides Disaccharides Single sugar molecules
Ie: glucose, galactose, fructose
Found in milk & fruit
Disaccharides
Double sugar molecules (2 rings)
Ie: Sucrose (table sugar), Lactose (found in milk)

14. Polysaccharides Large, complex macromolecules
Animals use GLYCOGEN. Stored in the liver and muscles.
Plants use STARCH & CELLULOSE

15. Additional Info
Your body NEEDS WATER in order to break down other carbohydrates into the glucose it needs.
That’s why you get thirsty when you eat - and why we need water to live!

16. What were the compounds in Group C? . . . Lipids (Fats)

17. Lipids Elements: C, H, O Can be a: Fat, steroid or phospholipid
Building Blocks of FATS: 1 Glycerol and 3 fatty acids (triglyceride)

18. Lipids
Functions: Store energy (fats), form membranes (phospholipids), act as hormones (steroids)
Examples: fats, cholesterol, estrogen, testosterone

19. Types of Fats
Saturated Fat: Fatty acid contains the MAXIMUM number of possible hydrogen atoms.
Tend to be SOLIDS at room temperature

20. Types of Fats
Unsaturated Fat: Fatty acid contains at least one double bond, meaning it does not have the maximum number of hydrogen.
Polyunsaturated fats have more then one double bond.
Tend to be LIQUIDS at room temperature

21. Types of Fats TRANS FATS (hydrogenated oils)
Created in an industrial process that adds hydrogen to liquid vegetable oils to make them more solid.

22. What were the compounds in Group D? . . . Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

23. Nucleic Acid
Elements: C, H, O, N, P
Building Blocks: Nucleotides

24. Nucleic Acid Functions: Store and transmit genetic information
Examples: DNA, RNA

25. What were the compounds in Group A? . . Amino Acids and Proteins!

26. Proteins
Elements: C, H, O, N, S
Building Blocks: Amino Acids
H2N
COOH

27. Functions: form structures (bones, muscles, hair), regulate cell processes.
Examples: bone, muscle, nails, hair, enzymes, hormones

28. Moderation in all things
Eat a variety of food to get what our body needs
Do red meat/processed foods cause cancer?

30. Nutrition Facts Activity:
Find the food product at your table with:
1) The most carbohydrates
2) The most fats (lipids)
3) The most protein
4) The most calories
5) Which product would you consider to be the most “unhealthy.” Why?
On your group's paper, write down the name of the food product and how many grams/percent of Daily Value it is.