1. Do Now

2. Atomic Composition

4. 2 oxygen atoms + 1 Carbon atom =
Atoms can form chemical bonds by transferring or sharing outer shell electrons
2 oxygen atoms + 1 Carbon atom =
Chemical formula
CO2
Structural Formula
Notice two oxygen and one carbon in this chemical formula

5. Glucose
Structural Formula
Structural Formula

6. Pentacene

7. Comparison of Terms Molecule Macromolecule
Vinyl chloride is a colorless gas at room temperature PVC

8. Macromolecules
Are the complex molecules that comprise living things

9. The 4 Macromolecules

10. Macromolecules: Polymers Made of Repeating Monomers
Monomer Unit
Carbohydrates
Sugars
Lipids
Fatty acids
Proteins
Amino acids
Nucleic Acids
Nucleotides

12. Synthesis and Breakdown of Macromolecules
Dehydration Synthesis
Removal of water to add monomer units
Hydrolysis
Addition of OH and H groups of water to break a bond between monomers

13. Dehydration Synthesis / Hydrolysis

15. Carbohydrates: Functions
Energy source
Structural component
Cell-cell communication

16. Lipids: Structure Phospholipid—component of cell membranes Hydrophilic
Polar Head
Glycerol
Fatty Acid Tails
Hydrophilic
Hydrophobic

17. Triglyceride FormationH C OH O C H
Glycerol
Remove These Waters C O H
This shows how water is removed from three fatty acids and glycerol to make a fat and water. C OH O H C OH O H C OH O H C O H
Add 3 Fatty Acids
HOH
3 Waters

18. Which Is a Source of Unsaturated Fatty Acids?
Linseed Oil
Beef Fat

19. Steroids
Cholesterol
Estradiol
Testosterone

20. Lipids: Functions Concentrated energy source
Structural components of cell membranes
Phospholipids
Cholesterol
Communication
Steroid Hormones
Protection from water
Waxes
Cholesterol
Phospholipids

21. The “R” Group Differs for Each Amino Acid
Proteins: Structure
Primary structure = chain of amino acids
Amino acids have common features
Carboxylic Acid Group
Amino Group    
See p 34 R
“Alpha” Carbon
The “R” Group Differs for Each Amino Acid

22. Proteins: Structure Forming the Protein Chain
The Peptide Bond
Water
Phenylalanine-Leucine Dipeptide

23. Four Levels of Protein Structure
Primary Structure = sequence of amino acids in chain

24. Four Levels of Protein Structure
Primary (Sequence)
Tertiary (Folding by R-group interactions)
Depending on the sequence of amino acids, the polypeptide chain can either form a spiral like the tube on the left, or a pleated sheet like on the right.
Some proteins have a spiral section followed by a sheet section, etc.
Quaternary (Two or more chains associating)
Secondary (Coiling by Hydrogen Bonding)

25. Hair Curling Straight Hair Naturally Curly Hair | S | S | | S | S |

26. Proteins: Functions Structural Component of Cells
Control of Metabolic Reactions: enzymes
Growth and Repair
Communication
Protein Hormones
Cell Receptors
Energy source
Protein
Protein

27. Nucleic acid structure