1. Periodic Table Notes
Part 1
Created by Harris M. S.

2. A row of elements is called a period.
The periodic table is a tool for organizing the elements.
A row of elements is called a period.
A column of elements is called a group or family.
The zigzag line reminds you where the metals, nonmetals, and metalloids are.
Metals are to the left
Nonmetals are to the right
Metalloids are along the line

4. Periodic Table Notes
Part 2
handout provided

5. Periods Each row is called a “period”
The elements in each period have the same number of shells
1st Period = 1 Shell
2nd Period = 2 Shells
3rd Period = 3 Shells
4th Period = 4 Shells

6. Discussion: Periods and Electron Levels
The period number tells you how many electron levels the element uses.
Notice we only drew the first 18 elements which fall in periods 1,2 and 3
Recall that when you made your Bohr models every row you went down added another ring.
The pattern continues with a max of 7 levels, shells or clouds

7. Groups Group 8a = 8 electrons Group 1a = 1 electron
Except for He, it has 2 electrons
Group 2a = 2 electrons
3a,4a,5a,6a,7a
Each column is called a “group”
Each element in a group has the same number of electrons in their outer orbital, also known as “shells”.
The electrons in the outer shell are called “valence electrons”

8. Groups and Valence Group # 1 1A 2 2A 13 3A 14 4A 15 5A 16 6A 17 7A 18
# of valence electrons 3 4 5 6 7 8

9. Discussion: Groups and Valence Electrons
The elements in a group have similar properties and react/behave in similar ways.
Valence electrons are those located in the outermost energy level of an atom
Atoms are “happy” and stable when their outermost energy level is full – all of the Noble gases in group 18 are this way.
Atoms are reactive with other atoms when their outermost energy level is not full.
Atoms in the same group have the same # of valence electrons except the transition metals which do not follow the same pattern
Elements in a family increase in reactivity as you move down.

10. Alkali Metals
Alkaline Earth Metals
Boron Family
Carbon Family
Nitrogen Family
Oxygen Family
Halides
Noble Gases
Halogens
Label these group names at the bottom of your white periodic table & your Bohr model periodic table.

11. Transition Metals
Transition Metals have slightly different rules for shells and valence electrons.
This is something you will learn about in High School Chemistry.

12. Alkali Metals – Most Reactive Metals(Hint:1 valence electron)
Write the name of each family at the bottom of the columns on your periodic table using the following information.
Alkali Metals – Most Reactive Metals(Hint:1 valence electron)
Alkaline Earth Metals – Reactive Metals(Hint:2 valence electrons)
Halides/Halogens – Most reactive non-metals (Hint:7 valence electrons)
Noble Gases – Un reactive non metals (hint: Complete outer shells)

13. Determine the number of shells and the number of valence electrons for:
Carbon - C
2nd Period = 2 shells
4A Group =
4 valence
electrons

14. Determine the number of shells and the number of valence electrons for:
Sodium - Na
3rd Period = 3 shells
1A Group =
1 valence
electron

15. Write your answers on your handout.Ne
Name the element.
Number of shells ?
Valence electrons ?

16. Write your answers on your handout.Ne
Name the element.
Number of shells ?
Valence electrons ?
Neon
2nd Period = 2 shells
8A Group = 8 valence
electrons

17. Write your answers on your handout.
Name the element.
Number of shells ?
Valence electrons ?

18. Write your answers on your handout.
Name the element.
Number of shells ?
Valence electrons ?
Hydrogen
1st Period = 1 shell
1A Group = 1 valence
electron

19. Write your answers on your handout.Be
Name the element.
Number of shells ?
Valence electrons ?

20. Write your answers on your handout.Be
Name the element.
Number of shells ?
Valence electrons ?
Beryllium
2nd Period = 2 shells
2A Group = 2 valence
electrons

21. Write your answers on your handout.
Name the element.
Number of shells ?
Valence electrons ?

22. Write your answers on your handout.
Name the element.
Number of shells ?
Valence electrons ?
Sulfur
3rd Period = 3 shells
6A Group = 6 valence
electrons

23. Write your answers on your handout.K
Name the element.
Number of shells ?
Valence electrons ?

24. Write your answers on your handout.K
Name the element.
Number of shells ?
Valence electrons ?
Potassium
4th Period = 4 shells
1A Group = 1 valence
electron

25. Write your answers on your handout.He
Name the element.
Number of shells ?
Valence electrons ?

26. Write your answers on your handout.He
Name the element.
Number of shells ?
Valence electrons ?
Helium
1st Period = 1 shell
8A Group = 2 valence
electrons
Helium is the exception in Group 8a.
Since it has just one shell, that shell can only fit 2 electrons instead of 8.
It is in this group because all the elements have a full outer shell.

27. Be sure to have all your answers on the worksheet.
End of Study Guide
Be sure to have all your answers on the worksheet.