1. Growing Viruses Viruses must be grown in living cells7
Viruses must be grown in living cells
Bacteriophages form plaques on a lawn of bacteria
p. 377
Figure 13.6

2. Growing Viruses 8
Animal viruses may be grown in living animals or in embryonated eggs
p. 377
Figure 13.7

3. Virus Identification 9
Cytopathic effects: Detectable changes in the host cell due to viral infection (p. 441)
Blood serum (serology) tests
Detect antibodies against viruses in a patient
Use antibodies to identify viruses in neutralization tests, viral hemagglutination, and Western blot
Nucleic acids: Studies of the DNA/RNA

4. Virus Identification: Cytopathic Effect10
p. 378
a) Uninfected cells growing in a monolayer
b) Infected cells piling/rounding up
Figure 13.9

5. Attachment, Entry, Uncoating14
By pinocytosis
Fig a Animal viruses p. 384
Togavirus: Example Rubella virus
Figure 13.14a

6. Attachment, Entry, Uncoating15
By fusion
Fig b Animal viruses p. 384
Figure 13.14b

7. Multiplication of DNA Virus16
Fig Foundation Figure p. 387
Animal DNA viruses
Figure 13.15

8. Sense Strand (+ Strand) RNA Virus17
Fig a p. 388
Animal RNA viruses
Figure 13.17a

9. Antisense Strand (– Strand) RNA Virus18
Fig b p. 388
Animal RNA viruses
Figure 13.17b

10. Double-Stranded RNA Virus19
Fig c p. 388
Animal RNA viruses
Figure 13.17c

11. 22
p. 384

12. Avian Influenza
Clinical Focus, p. 371