1. "The doors of wisdom are never shut."
11/17/2018
Title: Biology 4/11/07
Objectives:
To review how proteins are formed and learn about the central dogma of biology.
Class Topics
Hand in W.S. Making a protein before the bell rings
Chapter 10 Quiz 1
Regulating Gene Production
E. coli
Lac operon
Editing RNA
Introns and Exons
"The doors of wisdom are never shut."
Benjamin Franklin
Saturday, November 17, :46 AM

2. Class Assignments W.S. Making a protein (beef insulin) 4/11/07
11/17/2018
Class Assignments
What
By When
W.S. Making a protein (beef insulin) 4/11/07
Chapter 10 Quiz 1 4/11/07
Read /13/07
W.S. How can a mutation in DNA… 4/13/07
Chapter 10 Test 4/17/07
Due this class period
Due next class period
Due in the future

3. 11/17/2018
Grade Sheet
2A – p. 157 (5 pts.)

4. From: http://generalhorticulture.tamu.edu/
11/17/2018
From:
lectsupl/Anatomy/Anatomy.html#page7

5. Postquiz activities Hand in quiz
11/17/2018
Postquiz activities
Hand in quiz
Pick up W.S. “How can a mutation in DNA affect an organism?”
Changes
Procedure # 7 – Circle, not color, the bases that are mutations
Questions
Everywhere it says “genes”, change to “codons”
Everywhere it says “protein parts”, change to “amino acids”
Read

6. Escherichia coli 3 genes are called lac genes
11/17/2018
Escherichia coli
3 genes are called lac genes
Each lac gene codes for a protein used in digesting lactose
When will E. coli need these lac genes?
Only turned on when lactose is present (don’t waste protein and effort)

7. Regulating Gene Production
11/17/2018
Regulating Gene Production
Promoter
Section of DNA
Binding site for RNA Polymerase
Operator
Binding site for repressor
Repressor
DNA binding protein
Blocks transcription
Inducer
Lactose, turns on DNA

8. From: http://www.accessexcellence.org/AB/GG/induction.html
11/17/2018
From:

9. Introns and Exons The genes are edited - parts are removed
11/17/2018
Introns and Exons
The genes are edited - parts are removed
Removed parts are called introns
The expressed sequences are called exons

10. From: http://www.accessexcellence.org/AB/GG/rna_synth.html
11/17/2018
From:

11. Mutations Gene alterations Involve the inclusion of a wrong amino acid
11/17/2018
Mutations
Gene alterations
Involve the inclusion of a wrong amino acid
Point mutation
Changing one nucleotide
Sickle cell anemia
Silent mutation (no change in amino acid)
Deletion
Loss of a nucleotide or segment of DNA
Frameshift mutation

12. From: http://waynesword.palomar.edu/transpos.htm
11/17/2018
Barbara McClintock
Insertion
A length of DNA is inserted into a gene
Transposon
“Jumping genes” – like cut and paste on computer
Genes that can move from one location on a chromosome to another
It can inactivate a gene or cause mutations
Transposons are in all organisms
Brings together different combinations of genes
Evolutionarily important