1. Overview of Anatomy and Physiology
Anatomy – the study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another
Physiology – the study of the function of the body’s structural parts
Focuses on the functions/operations of the body and organ systems, often at the cellular or molecular level

2. Studies large body structures
Gross Anatomy
Studies large body structures
Regional – all structures in one part of the body (such as the abdomen or leg)
Systemic – study of a body system

3. Study of structures too small to see with naked eye
Microscopic Anatomy
Study of structures too small to see with naked eye
Histology – study of tissues
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4. Developmental Anatomy
Traces structural changes throughout life
Embryology – study of developmental changes of the body before birth

5. Some Specialized Branches of Anatomy
Pathological anatomy – study of structural changes caused by disease
Radiographic anatomy – study of internal structures visualized by X ray

6. The Principle of Complementarity
Function always reflects structure
What a structure can do depends on its specific form

7. Levels of Structural Organization
Smooth muscle cell
Molecules
Cellular level Cells are made up of molecules 2
Atoms 1
Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules
Smooth muscle tissue
Heart 3
Tissue level Tissues consist of similar types of cells
Cardiovascular system
Blood vessels
Epithelial tissue
Smooth muscle tissue
Blood vessel (organ) 6
Organismal level The human organism is made up of many organ systems
Connective tissue 4
Organ level Organs are made up of different types of tissues 5
Organ system level Organ systems consist of different organs that work together closely
Figure 1.1

8. Levels of Structural Organization
We will focus on the following:
Cellular – cells are made of molecules
cells are the basic unit of structure and life
Tissue – consists of similar types of cells
Organ – made up of different types of tissues
Organ system – consists of different organs that work closely together