1. Chapter 8
Supporting Your Ideas

2. Introduction

3. Reduce Abstraction
There are lots of community colleges in the United States.
Community colleges enroll a large number of students and play a vital role in American higher education.
According to the Department of Education, there are more than 1,100 community colleges in the United States. They enroll some 12 million students each year, which is 44% of all U.S. undergraduates

4. Oral Citations Listeners don’t have access to your outline
Citations as enhancing credibility
Who, What, Where, When, Why
Lucas, p. 161 (citation examples)

5. Examples
Brief examples
Extended examples
Hypothetical examples

6. Brief Examples Also called “specific instances”
Referred to in passing to illustrate a point
Option to “pile them on.”

7. Extended Examples Narrative, illustration, anecdote
Typically longer and written more vividly

8. Hypothetical Examples
Describes an imaginary situation
“Imagine this:”
Seeks to connect audience members to topic at hand

9. Tips for Using Examples
Clarify Your Ideas
Reinforce Your Ideas
Personalize Your Ideas
Make Examples Vivid
Focus on Examples During Rehearsal

10. Statistics
Knowing relevant statistics demonstrates your familiarity with your topic.
Justifying argument
Understanding Statistics
Are they representative?
Are the measures used correctly?
Are the sources reliable?
Tips

11. Testimony
Expert
Peer
Quoting vs. Paraphrasing
Tips