1. The Legislative Branch
Goal: To learn and understand the importance of the legislative branch in your daily life and the process by which a bill becomes a law.

2. Main Function
The main goal of the Legislative branch is to make the laws
Congress is the lawmaking branch in the United States
A law establishes a national policy in which all citizens must abide by

3. The Powers of Congress
From Article I, section 8 of the Constitution

4. There’s a list of 27 items! Assess and collect taxes
Provide for the common defense
Provide for the general welfare
Borrow money on the credit of the US
Regulate business with foreign countries
Regulate interstate commerce
Regulate commerce with Indian tribes
Establish naturalization rules
Establish bankruptcy laws

5. Coin and regulate the value of money
Regulate the value of foreign money in the US
Fix the standard of weights and measures
Punish counterfeits
Establish post offices
Promote the progress of science and useful arts
Establish patents and copyrights

6. Establish federal court system
Punish piracy on the high seas
Punish the offenses against the laws of nations
Declare war
Raise and support an army
Provide and maintain a navy
Regulate the land and naval forces

7. Call the militia (the National Guard) to suppress insurrections and repel invasions
Organize and arm the militia
Govern the District of Columbia
Build forts, docks, and other buildings on government property
These are the enumerated powers of Congress.

8. Other Powers of Congress
Admit new states to the US
Propose Amendments to the Constitution
Collect federal income tax
Ensure civil rights
Determine whether a president is mentally or emotionally disabled and thus unable to continue in office

9. Implied Congressional Powers
The Constitution gives Congress the right to make all laws “necessary and proper” to carry out its enumerated powers.
This is the elastic clause because it stretches the authority of Congress.
Elastic Clause powers
Establish a national banking system
Regulates the railroads and airlines
Interstate commerce regulations

10. What can’t Congress do? Put a tax on an individual
Tax products made in one state and sold in another
Spend money without first having a budget
Grant titles of nobility
Arrest and keep people in jail without a reason
Punish someone for a crime without a jury trial
Punish someone for something they did that was legal at the time

11. Exclusive Powers Impeach federal officials
Only the house can
Only the senate can
Impeach federal officials
Elect a president if no candidate wins the majority of the electoral votes
Convict and remove federal officials
Elect a vice-president if no candidate wins the majority of the electoral votes
Approve ambassadors
Approve federal judges
Approve members of the President’s Cabinet

12. The Structure of Congress
Membership
Senate
Two senators from each state
100 members total
House of Representatives
One representative from each Congressional District
435 members total (per the Reapportionment Act of 1929)
The government takes the national census every ten years to adjust Congressional Districts based on present populations
All the states have at least one representative (Ohio has 16)
Washington, DC, American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands each have one representative

13. Why two houses? The U.S. has a bicameral legislature
Bicameral – Two house legislature
Reasons for it:
Senate would represent equally
House would represent the size of the states
Some argue that two houses in Congress causes deadlock – it gets nothing done.

14. Congressional Leadership—The House
Supervised by the Speaker of the House (an elected member of the majority party)
Paul Ryan – Current Speaker of the House
In line for the presidency behind the Vice President
There’s also a majority and a minority floor leader, each elected through a caucus, who try to swing votes a certain way; assisted by whips

15. Congressional Leadership—The Senate
Supervised by the President of the Senate (the Vice President)
The President Pro Tempore is elected to deal with the daily Senate business (Orrin Hatch)
Also elect a majority and minority leader to represent their political parties; assisted by whips

16. Elections
Each house of Congress has certain requirements for those that want to be elected.
House of Representatives
Senate
Minimum Age
25 years old
30 years old
US Citizenship
At least 7 years
At least 9 years
Residence
Within the state; but usually within the congressional district
Within the state
Elected Term
2 years
6 years

17. When do they meet?
Meet in Sessions (one session is held each year); begin in January and continue until adjournment in the fall
The 20th Amendment requires Congress to meet at noon on the third day of January to organize the upcoming biennium (two-year period); each biennium is a “Congress”
The first “Congress” was held from 1789 – 1790
We’re in the 115th Congress (Began on January 3, 2017)

18. Checks & Balances
A way in which one branch can make sure the others do not get to powerful
Congress
War Powers Resolution - Can limit the President’s power to declare war, Congress must first approve it.
Appointment of Supreme Court Justices must be approved by Congress
Impeach President or federal judge
Only the House can impeach but Senate can put them on trial

19. Who are your senators? Rob Portman Sherrod Brown from Cincinnati, Ohio
Republican
Elected in 2011
Sherrod Brown
from Mansfield, Ohio
Democrat
Elected in 2007

20. Who are your representatives?
Jim Jordan
4th District
Republican
From Champaign County
Serving since 2007
Bob Gibbs
7th District
From Holmes County
Took office in 2011

21. Who are your representatives?
Marcy Kaptur
9th District
Democrat
From Toledo, Ohio
Serving in position since 1983.

22. Who is your representative?
Wellington – Bob Gibbs
Lagrange – Bob Gibbs
Avon – Bob Gibbs
Avon Lake – Marcy Kaptur
North Ridgeville – Bob Gibbs
Columbia Station – Bob Gibbs
Lorain – Marcy Kaptur
Elyria – Jim Jordan
Grafton – Jim Jordan
Oberlin – Jim Jordan
Amherst – Jim Jordan
South Amherst – Jim Jordan
Sheffield Lake –Marcy Kaptur
Sheffield – Jim Jordan