1. Organic Chemistry I. Introduction
A. Definition (chemistry of hydrocarbons)
B. Why carbon?
1. Hydrocarbons (Carbon bonded to carbon in chains with hydrogen’s attached to each carbon to fill the octet of each carbon)
Figure 3.1A
Figure 3.1B

2. 2. Isomers a. Structural (atoms arranged differently)
b. Geometric (atom spatial arrangement differences)
c. Enantiomers (atoms arranged into mirror images around a central carbon)

3. 3. Functional Groups (groups of atoms attached to carbon chains)
a. Structure
b. Function
Figure 3.2
Table 3.2
Methyl group

4. b. Monomers (one brick) vs.
4. Shape
a. Linear (chain) vs.
b. Monomers (one brick) vs.
c. Polymers (many bricks together)
Figure 3.3B

5. 4. Linear (chain) vs. Monomers (one brick) vs.
Polymers (many bricks together)
Figure 3.3B

6. II. Carbohydrates
A. Structure (carbon laid down in a chain then linked to form sided structure)
1. Atoms
2. Bonds & Characteristics
Figure 3.4C

7. B. Types 1. Monosaccharides 2. Disaccharides Lactose Figure 4.5
Figure 3.4B

8. C. Functions 3. Polysaccharides b. Structural a. Storage Figure 3.7

9. A. Structure ( for the most part linear carbon chains with hydrogen’s attached)
III. Lipids
1. Atoms (C, H, & O but less O than carb’s)
Figure 3.8
Figure 3.8
2. Bonds & Characteristics (depends on type)

10. B. Types
1. Neutral Fats
Cis. Vs. Trans.
Figure 3.8

11. 3. Steroids (ringed F. A.’s)
2. Phospholipid (like a neutral fat with one F.A. removed and replaced with a phosphate group)
Ethanolamine
Serine
Threonine
Inositol
Figure 3.9A
3. Steroids (ringed F. A.’s)
Cholesterol
Figure 3.9C

12. C. Functions 1. Neutral Fats 2. Phospholipids 3. Steroids
= Insulation, Padding, and Secondary Energy Sources
1. Neutral Fats
2. Phospholipids
= Build Membranes
3. Steroids
= Build Hormones & in Membranes
Figure 4.6
Figure 3.2

13. IV. Proteins A. Structure (chains of amino acids) 1. Atoms Figure 4.6
Figure 3.11A
Figure 3.11B
Figure 4.6
Figure 3.11B

14. 2. Bonds & Characteristics
Primary (1o) is the amino acid sequence
Figure 3.11C
Figure 3.13A
Tertiary (3o) is R-R bonding between different amino acids
Secondary (2o) is H-bonding between different amino acids
Figure 3.13C
Figure 3.13B

15. Figure 3.13D
Quaternary (4o) is bonding between different proteins to become functional

16. B. Types
1. Structural
2. Functional
C. Functions

17. V. Nucleic Acid A. Structure 1. Atoms 2. Bonds & Characteristics
Figure 3.15A&B
Figure 3.15C

18. B. Types C. Functions 1. DNA vs. 2. RNA a. Strands Double Single
b. Bases
A, T, G, & C
A, U, G, & C
c. Sugars
Deoxyribose
Ribose
d. Orientation
3’ to 5’ & 5’ to 3’
3’ to 5’
e. Location
Nucleus & cytoplasm
Nucleus
f. Kinds
one
mRNA, rRNA, & tRNA
C. Functions