1. 10-3 Protein Synthesis
Together, all 3 types of RNA synthesize proteins.
Proteins are polymers.
Polypeptides linked by peptide bonds.
Made of 20 different amino acids.
May consist of 100’s or 1000’s of amino acids in a particular sequence.
Sequence determines twists and folds.
Function depends on its 3-D structure and its ability to bind with other molecules.

2. Several codons code for each amino acid listed in the table.
The Genetic Code
Codon: combination of 3 mRNA nucleotides.
Each codon codes for a specific amino acid.
There are 64 codons. See table on page 194.
Several codons code for each amino acid listed in the table.
Some codons only cause translation to start and stop.

3. Translation
Process of assembling polypeptides from information encoded in mRNA.
tRNA and Anticodons
Amino acids in the
cytosol are transported
to the ribosomes by tRNA.
The loop opposite the
site of amino-acid
attachment has a sequence
of 3 anticodon nucleotides.
The anticodon pairs with its corresponding mRNA codon.

4. tRNA

5. Using the table on pg. 194, find the amino acids the following codons represent.
Which codons correspond to these anticodons?
Which amino acids are coded by the codons?

6. Ribosomes
Ribosomes basically hold mRNA and tRNA so that codons and anticodons can pair.
tRNA animation
tRNA

7. Protein Assembly
Begins when Ribosomes attach to the start codon on mRNA. See pg. 196 and
Fig on 195.
bio boys

8. Compare transcription with translation.
Section 10-3 Review
Compare transcription with translation.
Distinguish a codon from an anticodon, and explain the significance of each.
How does the structure of tRNA relate to its function in translation?
Using Table 10-1, list amino acids coded by the codons AGU, GGG, CCU, GUG.
Explain the significance of start and stop codons. Do all polypeptides begin with the amino acid coded by the start codon?