1. Biological Molecules
Ms MacCormack
Spring 2018

2. The 4 Biological Molecules
All contain carbon.
Polymer – a large molecule formed when many small molecules bond together,
Monomer – small molecules that make up a polymer

3. The 4 Biological Molecules
The 4 Biological molecules include:
Carbohydrates
2. Proteins
Nucleic Acids
4. Lipids

4. Carbohydrates (Polymer)
Monomer = Saccharide (Simple Sugar)
Use/Function : Provides cells with energy and structure

5. Carbohydrates – Two Types
1. Simple Carbohydrates
2. Complex Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides & Disaccharides
Taste: Sweet tasting carbs
Food examples found in my fridge: fruit, table sugar, candy, soda
Examples of Monosaccharides: Glucose, Fructose, galactose
Examples of Disaccharides:
Sucrose, lactose, maltose
Polysaccharides
Taste: Starchy carbs
Food examples found in my fridge: rice, pasta, bread, potatoes, corn, cabbage
Glycogen – animal
many glucoses linked together
Cellulose – plants
Structural
We can’t digest it. “Dietary Fiber”

6. Glycogen vs Cellulose
Glycogen
Cellulose

7. Carbohydrate Tests For Monosaccharides Benedict’s Solution
Negative Test: Blue
Positive Test: Orange or Red
For Polysaccharides (Starch)
Iodine Test
Negative Test – Amber
Positive Test – dark purple/black

8. Lipids (Polymer) 1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids (Monomer)
Do not dissolve in water
Use: Serve as cell’s stored energy source and insulation

9. Lipid Structure G L Y C E R O
Fatty Acid
Fatty Acid
Fatty Acid

10. Food examples found in my refrigerator:
Bacon, Butter, Oil

11. Lipid Test Brown Paper Bag Test Negative Test = No spot
Positive Test = Clear oily spot

12. Other Examples of Lipids:
1. Phospholipids: major component of cell membranes
2. Steroids

13. Nucleic Acids(Polymer)
Nucleotide (Monomer)
Use: Carries genetic information in the form of a code

14. Two Types of Nucleic Acids
DNA
RNA
Structure – 2 strands
Bases – Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine
Sugar - Deoxyribose
Structure – 1 strand
Bases – Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine and Guanine
Sugar - Ribose

15. Food Source of Nucleic Acids
Any and all once living things

16. Nucleic Acid Test
None

17. Protein (polymer) Amino acid (monomer)
Use: Provides structure for tissues and organs
Proteins are specialized based on how they fold

18. Protein Test Biuret Test Negative test = clear
Positive test = lavender/light purple

19. Examples of Proteins (End in –in)
Hemoglobin
Actin
Keratin
Pepsin
Myosin
Collagen

20. Examples of Proteins Found in Refrigerator
Meat
Beans
Eggs
Cheese