1. Introduction to AP Human Geography
Mr. Stepek

2. Movement Movement of people = migration (Unit 2)
Movement of ideas/culture = “diffusion” (Unit 3)
hearth = place of origination
1) Relocation diffusion spread through migration
2) Expansion diffusion = spread without physical relocation,
snow ball effect as more people/area exposed
a) Contagious
fast, widespread to those in contact or adjacent (like disease)
b) Hierarchical
spread through nodes of power or influence or authority
Stimulus examples = Cherokee alphabet, development of Judeo-Christianity, changes to fast food menus

5. Movement (of ideas/culture = “diffusion”)
hearth = place of origination
1) Relocation diffusion spread thru migration
2) Expansion diffusion = spread without physical relocation,
snow ball effect as more people/area exposed
a) Contagious
fast, widespread to those in contact or adjacent (like disease)
b) Hierarchical
spread through nodes of power or influence or authority
c) Stimulus
underlying principles/idea spread but not end product
Stimulus examples = Cherokee alphabet, development of Judeo-Christianity, changes to fast food menus

6. Movement (of ideas/culture = “diffusion”)
Barriers to diffusion
physical and cultural barriers
distance
“distance decay” (Tobler’s Law)
Time-space compression
reduction of time it takes for diffusion
especially quickened by technology (adv. trans, telecomm., the internet)
Stimulus examples = Cherokee alphabet, development of Judeo-Christianity, changes to fast food menus

7. Globalization set of processes that are: increasing interactions
deepening relationships
heightening interdependence
without regard to
country borders
set of outcomes that are:
unevenly distributed
varying across scales
differently manifested
throughout the world.

8. “Site and Situation” London Site: Situation 1530 = 50,000
site = what gives a location its distinctive character (land, labor and capital) (combines absolute location w/place characteristics)
situation = how the “site” factors give this location importance (what connections does it facilitate? what advantages does the site factor give?) (relative location and movement)
London
Site:
island
North Atlantic
Thames River = estuary
Situation
protected from invasion
ideal for triangular trade
1530 = 50,000
1750 = 750,000

9. New York City “Site and Situation”
island
large, natural, deep-water harbor
Atlantic coast
mouth of Hudson River
ideal for shipping
docks numerous and protected
connect to Europe
triangular trade,
connects to the interior
Erie Canal (1825)
before RRs
ship through Great Lakes
access to raw materials
center of commerce and trade
overtakes Philly as largest port
fresh water supply for huge pop.

10. New York City “Site and Situation”